YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Training Questions
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 08-11-2009, 09:45 AM   #361
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Britster View Post
Very true.

Also, yes, I've seen that episode with the disabled woman and I love that episode! I absolutely adore how he can open up people as well as animals. That woman was a self-proclaimed "loner" really who didn't really have a life that she desired. She then learned that she CAN be powerful and be a good person in this world. When Cesar was trying to get her to think about something else... do you remember what she wanted to get? She really like shrimp, I think? She said "I'm goin' to get some shrimp!" and Cesar kept repeating "shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp!" to get her to NOT think about being tense or nervous, lol. I loved that.
I missed that episode, sounds great, and that's exactly what he does with the dogs, he redirects their thinking, to the calm submissive state, and they can handle small doses of anxiety. For the lady, it sounds like the thought of shrimp could put her into a more relaxed or better frame of mind. I'm simply amazed at so many of these training shows have episodes of people who no longer can socialize with other people because dogs rule their lives. Instead of enhancing their lives, the dog has become their life.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 08-11-2009, 11:15 AM   #362
Phantom Queen Morrigan
Donating Member
 
kalina82's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2006
Location: with my yorkie baby
Posts: 10,141
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
I can't really analyze the dog's behavior fully. But the thing with the tap... we're starting off by saying, "it was a small tap, a normal dog should have been able to deal with it." I think some other people are saying you have to judge the method by the dog's reaction. You can't fault the dog for its reaction, it is a dog. So if an ever so gentle tap on the hindquarters startles a dog badly enough to provoke that kind of behavior, it's a bad method. I've seen enough of Cesar's show to see that a lot of dogs DO NOT like the "tap". If I (or a strange handler) did that to Thor on a walk, even adjusted down to his size, he would jump straight into the air and cry the whole way home.

I can't say this for certain... but to me, it did not look like the dog wanted to kill Cesar, it looked like it REALLY wanted to let Cesar to let go of his leash and give him back his air supply. That's why he was biting the leash, and yes, he was gasping for air. Now would the dog have run off and picked flowers for everyone? Don't know. I think he might have just run away a to a certain distance and observed. But keep in mind, there is a huge camera crew around, and almost certainly people on hand to step in and protect the on camera people. If there are not, they should be.
Of course the dog wanted Cesar to let go of the leash. I don't think the dog was lunging because he couldn't breath tho. i think he was lunging because Cesar took control and wouldn't give in to the dog. I didn't see the whole episode but i can imagine that the owners gave in to the dog all the time and he always got his way, so when Cesar wouldn't let go the dog flipped out. There was no way Cesar could have let go of the leash at that point. He would have endangered his crew, the family, and the other dog. To many bad things could have happened if he dropped the leash. Instead Cesar let the dog flip out on him so that no one else would get hurt. I really don't think there was any thing else he could have done. if he gave the dog some more slack it would have bit him, so that was not an option. Cesar rode it out and waited for the dog to tire out, and as soon as he saw the dog give a little, he grabbed the scruff and put the dog on the ground. I've been in similar situations and i would have done the same thing. If the dog is trying to bite me, i'm not gonna let him. I'm going to do whatever it takes to prevent it.

Again, didn't see the whole episode but i'm pretty sure Cesar didn't try the tap again LOL
__________________
Kellie and Morgan
kalina82 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 11:34 AM   #363
Donating YT 10K Club Member
 
chattiesmom's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Alabama
Posts: 17,674
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by kalina82 View Post
Of course the dog wanted Cesar to let go of the leash. I don't think the dog was lunging because he couldn't breath tho. i think he was lunging because Cesar took control and wouldn't give in to the dog. I didn't see the whole episode but i can imagine that the owners gave in to the dog all the time and he always got his way, so when Cesar wouldn't let go the dog flipped out. There was no way Cesar could have let go of the leash at that point. He would have endangered his crew, the family, and the other dog. To many bad things could have happened if he dropped the leash. Instead Cesar let the dog flip out on him so that no one else would get hurt. I really don't think there was any thing else he could have done. if he gave the dog some more slack it would have bit him, so that was not an option. Cesar rode it out and waited for the dog to tire out, and as soon as he saw the dog give a little, he grabbed the scruff and put the dog on the ground. I've been in similar situations and i would have done the same thing. If the dog is trying to bite me, i'm not gonna let him. I'm going to do whatever it takes to prevent it.

Again, didn't see the whole episode but i'm pretty sure Cesar didn't try the tap again LOL
More support and agreement. The Husky was obviously not choking or in any distress. He was pissed that Cesar "invaded his space" and interrupted his intimidation of the other dog and was going to eat Cesar's face. It is amazing how quickly Cesar's calm response diffused the situation.
chattiesmom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 11:41 AM   #364
Thor's Human
Donating Member
 
QuickSilver's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: San Francisco, CA
Posts: 5,929
Blog Entries: 31
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by kalina82 View Post
Of course the dog wanted Cesar to let go of the leash. I don't think the dog was lunging because he couldn't breath tho. i think he was lunging because Cesar took control and wouldn't give in to the dog. I didn't see the whole episode but i can imagine that the owners gave in to the dog all the time and he always got his way, so when Cesar wouldn't let go the dog flipped out. There was no way Cesar could have let go of the leash at that point. He would have endangered his crew, the family, and the other dog. To many bad things could have happened if he dropped the leash. Instead Cesar let the dog flip out on him so that no one else would get hurt. I really don't think there was any thing else he could have done. if he gave the dog some more slack it would have bit him, so that was not an option. Cesar rode it out and waited for the dog to tire out, and as soon as he saw the dog give a little, he grabbed the scruff and put the dog on the ground. I've been in similar situations and i would have done the same thing. If the dog is trying to bite me, i'm not gonna let him. I'm going to do whatever it takes to prevent it.

Again, didn't see the whole episode but i'm pretty sure Cesar didn't try the tap again LOL
I'm not sure I agree with that assessment. As I said, I think the dog wanted Cesar to give him some slack on the leash, in and of itself. Not to get slack so he could bite Cesar, just to get free. How could the dog NOT be choking? He is in a choke hold! I'm not saying the dog was on the verge of death, but of course the dog was trying to get air.

It's a matter of common sense that there would be other people ready to step in to handle the situation if something happened. To NOT have that would be really stupid. What if the leash broke?
__________________
If you love something, set it free. Unless it's an angry tiger.

Last edited by QuickSilver; 08-11-2009 at 11:42 AM.
QuickSilver is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 11:56 AM   #365
Phantom Queen Morrigan
Donating Member
 
kalina82's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2006
Location: with my yorkie baby
Posts: 10,141
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
I'm not sure I agree with that assessment. As I said, I think the dog wanted Cesar to give him some slack on the leash, in and of itself. Not to get slack so he could bite Cesar, just to get free. How could the dog NOT be choking? He is in a choke hold! I'm not saying the dog was on the verge of death, but of course the dog was trying to get air.

It's a matter of common sense that there would be other people ready to step in to handle the situation if something happened. To NOT have that would be really stupid. What if the leash broke?

i do agree that the dog was choking itself but there was nothing Cesar could have done at that point. If he gave the dog more slack he would have been bitten. The dog was in such a crazed state that even with slack on the leash he still would have been freaking out. I do think there are other people on hand in case of emergencies but i don't think that is a situation Cesar wants to create. He won't drop the leash so the dog can run off in his frenzied state to bite some one else. Maybe if the dog was in a fenced in yard he might have done so but he can't risk public safety on the streets. we don't know if there were neighbors or anybody not involved with the show there watching. There's only so much his crew can do. Plus Cesar doesn't want them to be bitten either.
__________________
Kellie and Morgan
kalina82 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 12:10 PM   #366
Donating YT 10K Club Member
 
chattiesmom's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Alabama
Posts: 17,674
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
I'm not sure I agree with that assessment. As I said, I think the dog wanted Cesar to give him some slack on the leash, in and of itself. Not to get slack so he could bite Cesar, just to get free. How could the dog NOT be choking? He is in a choke hold! I'm not saying the dog was on the verge of death, but of course the dog was trying to get air.

It's a matter of common sense that there would be other people ready to step in to handle the situation if something happened. To NOT have that would be really stupid. What if the leash broke?
I understand how you could see the situation differently, truly I can but please watch the video one more time.

At no time did Cesar tug on the leash or deprive the dog of oxygen. He was, however holding the leash in such a way that the dog couldn't rip his face off . When the dog lunged or came up on his two hind feet, he took up slack out of the leash so that the dog could not reach him. Cesar had complete control of the leash at all times and the amount of pressure on the leash was directly related to the amount of aggression in the dog. AND when the Husky put all four feet down on the ground the tension on the leash was released. I didn't see one point in the entire event where the Husky was lacking oxygen. He was definately way too active and aggressive to be in distress.

If you will note, too, Cesar made every attempt to continue walking, more or less ignoring the dogs aggressive temper tantrum (except for handling the leash in such a way that he wouldn't get hurt).
chattiesmom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 12:46 PM   #367
I Love My Yorkies
Donating Member
 
chachi's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2005
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
Posts: 37,147
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by chattiesmom View Post
I understand how you could see the situation differently, truly I can but please watch the video one more time.

At no time did Cesar tug on the leash or deprive the dog of oxygen. He was, however holding the leash in such a way that the dog couldn't rip his face off . When the dog lunged or came up on his two hind feet, he took up slack out of the leash so that the dog could not reach him. Cesar had complete control of the leash at all times and the amount of pressure on the leash was directly related to the amount of aggression in the dog. AND when the Husky put all four feet down on the ground the tension on the leash was released. I didn't see one point in the entire event where the Husky was lacking oxygen. He was definately way too active and aggressive to be in distress.

If you will note, too, Cesar made every attempt to continue walking, more or less ignoring the dogs aggressive temper tantrum (except for handling the leash in such a way that he wouldn't get hurt).
I agree! The dog didnt look in distress to me either
__________________
Chachi's & Jewels Mom
Jewels http://www.dogster.com/?132431
Chachi http://www.dogster.com/?132427
chachi is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 01:17 PM   #368
Thor's Human
Donating Member
 
QuickSilver's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: San Francisco, CA
Posts: 5,929
Blog Entries: 31
Default

Maybe it's splitting hairs. The dog was opening and closing its mouth in such a way that it was clearly trying to gasp. Imagine if you yourself were in that situation - someone you don't know has a firm tie around your jugular while you are walking and out of nowhere you feel a "tap" on your butt. You would naturally whirl around, and then if this stranger pulls back on your jugular, it's going to pull tight when you fall back to the ground. Would this not panic you and make you start scrabbling at the stranger to get off your neck? You still don't know what potential threat made contact with your rear.

This is why you shouldn't pull a dog away from a fight by its collar. Almost any dog worth its salt will automatically redirect a bite at this new, unfriendly restraint, in this case your hand.

I guess we have different interpretations, and I have not covered "red rocket" body language, so I'm not going to stake my life on my understanding. As yes, Cesar maintained his composure. But I don't think it should be shrugged off that there was no need to start the dog off in a high pressure situation. The owners in the clip said this dog had shown a lot of aggression towards other dogs before (Cesar said it was actually a wish to dominate), but obviously, that dog was going to be under a lot of pressure.
__________________
If you love something, set it free. Unless it's an angry tiger.
QuickSilver is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 03:04 PM   #369
Donating YT 12K Club Member
 
JeanieK's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Council Bluffs Iowa
Posts: 12,552
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
I can't really analyze the dog's behavior fully. But the thing with the tap... we're starting off by saying, "it was a small tap, a normal dog should have been able to deal with it." I think some other people are saying you have to judge the method by the dog's reaction. You can't fault the dog for its reaction, it is a dog. So if an ever so gentle tap on the hindquarters startles a dog badly enough to provoke that kind of behavior, it's a bad method. I've seen enough of Cesar's show to see that a lot of dogs DO NOT like the "tap". If I (or a strange handler) did that to Thor on a walk, even adjusted down to his size, he would jump straight into the air and cry the whole way home.

I can't say this for certain... but to me, it did not look like the dog wanted to kill Cesar, it looked like it REALLY wanted to let Cesar to let go of his leash and give him back his air supply. That's why he was biting the leash, and yes, he was gasping for air. Now would the dog have run off and picked flowers for everyone? Don't know. I think he might have just run away a to a certain distance and observed. But keep in mind, there is a huge camera crew around, and almost certainly people on hand to step in and protect the on camera people. If there are not, they should be.
I'm sure hindsite made Cesar realize it was the wrong move. However IMO the way the dog turned on Cesfar is just an indication of the dogs state of mind. He had already hit red zone.

There was no way he could release the dog, he had to protect all the other people, his crew, the lady that was there with the other dog, plus the other dog.

He did what he had to do. Good or bad, he had to hold on to the dog and hold it at arms length until it stopped attacking.

To me it was just a mistake in judgement.. And I sure every trainer has done that at least once. He is human.
JeanieK is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 04:24 PM   #370
YT 1000 Club Member
 
YorkieMother's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: North
Posts: 1,324
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
Okay, back for more scrapping.

Read a little on CAT, looks interesting. It actually looks like the "gypsy horse break" thing I was talking about before.

.
It is still way to new to me and I have not had enough time to get a good look at it to make any clear thoughts on it but like to de more research around it.
What we did with my girl was linited to when she took a breath, the item that concerned her left her sight. As long as they did not push into her fear zone and she stayed calm I was ok with it. Once she stiffened or held her breath I made them back off. Still not comfortable with her working inside that fear zone as under any stress as she crashs all to fast.

JL
__________________
"The truth about an animal is far more beautiful than all the myths woven about it." Konrad Loranz
YorkieMother is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 04:32 PM   #371
YT 1000 Club Member
 
YorkieMother's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: North
Posts: 1,324
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
Read the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior - AVSAB - Home statement. Googled a little on the org itself, and it appears to be well-respected. You may not agree with its conclusions, but this is not just a crackpoint-dogs should have the right to vote-type organization.

A a lay person reading the article, I am confused by some points. First, it says that scavenger dogs should be a better model for dog behavior - but when dogs play, they are clearly practicing hunting, and play behaviors, like grabbing a toy and not letting do, are the same behaviors that would tear an animals throat out.

Also, with the alpha roll - adult dogs DO roll puppies, so I'm not convinced it has no merit. If nothing else, it's an uncomfortable position for the dog, and could be used as a punishment.

Ok running short on time, i know you like to read and learn so try this bok oh and get it from Amazon ... no not an order just cheaper there it can be expensive.

Dogs, a new understanding of Canine Origin, behaviour and evolution.
By Raymond and Lorna Coppinger.

In short dogs in the wold do not pack up they runs in sinlges, maybe twos and usually with an adult femle and current pups.

They can hunt rodents and small game but mostly they scavenge out of dumps and garbage cans.

As to wolves and dogs not rolling.. usually the one that looks to have been rolled has rolled itself. If a wolf rolled or faught with the leader he be fighting with dad and the main food getter and therefore putting himself at risk for starving.

Now as to dogs most calming singals and rolling be one is done more by the confident dog to tell the one that is afraid that he is not going to hurt it.

JL
__________________
"The truth about an animal is far more beautiful than all the myths woven about it." Konrad Loranz
YorkieMother is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 04:36 PM   #372
YT 1000 Club Member
 
YorkieMother's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: North
Posts: 1,324
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by QuickSilver View Post
I'm not sure I agree with that assessment. As I said, I think the dog wanted Cesar to give him some slack on the leash, in and of itself. Not to get slack so he could bite Cesar, just to get free. How could the dog NOT be choking? He is in a choke hold! I'm not saying the dog was on the verge of death, but of course the dog was trying to get air.

It's a matter of common sense that there would be other people ready to step in to handle the situation if something happened. To NOT have that would be really stupid. What if the leash broke?
Muzzle, head harness, not getting so close to the other dog in the first place to cause that explosion woul have meet that Ceaser would not ahve been in over his head and got bite. Goal in training an aggresive dog is not to trigger a reaction and to teach it something else instead. Not set it off and choke the living day lights out of it and then stand lea n over it which is rude to a dog , when it is in full shut down.

JL
__________________
"The truth about an animal is far more beautiful than all the myths woven about it." Konrad Loranz
YorkieMother is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 04:38 PM   #373
YT 1000 Club Member
 
YorkieMother's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: North
Posts: 1,324
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by chachi View Post
I agree! The dog didnt look in distress to me either
Breath heavy, mouthing, shut down eyes, blinking,
total lack of the abiltiy to pull focus. That dogs was not in its own head.
That body was not limp cause he was sudmitting that body was limp cause hewas not inside anymore. That is a crushed soul.


JL
__________________
"The truth about an animal is far more beautiful than all the myths woven about it." Konrad Loranz
YorkieMother is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 04:41 PM   #374
Action Jackson ♥
Donating Member
 
Britster's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: Maryland
Posts: 17,815
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by YorkieMother View Post
Breath heavy, mouthing, shut down eyes, blinking,
total lack of the abiltiy to pull focus. That dogs was not in its own head.
That body was not limp cause he was sudmitting that body was limp cause hewas not inside anymore. That is a crushed soul.


JL
Oh, please.
__________________
~ Brit & Lights! Camera! Jackson! CGC ETD TKP ~
Follow Jackson on Instagram: https://instagram.com/jacksontheterrier
Britster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2009, 05:11 PM   #375
YT 1000 Club Member
 
YorkieMother's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: North
Posts: 1,324
Default

Unfortunately I have to stop here as I have my dog to deal with. Her health was taken a turn back to the worse and she loosing weight and she decided that just maybe it is time again to attempt a crash and burn.
So all eyes and hands are on deck to see if we can pull her through.
I am not so worried about the physical, it is the mental stuff and the lack of focus and knowing where she is that makes her a concern.
So muzzle ready and vet on stand by and here we go.
Last time she pulled this it was three weeks to get her back inside her head and thinking and going forward.
As I said somewhere in these last few days or I should have this is not a game for me. This is life and death for one little girl. one wrong move and she checks out and there is the great possibility she does not check back in.
Then we loose her for good. 7 years and no quick fixes and believe you me if there was I have done it and found it. No stone unturned.
I have looked and worked and gave up a great deal just to find one thing that one thing that makes her whole.
I give anything for this wee girl, my wee girl to be whole. She never will be. Poor breeding ( incredibally bad genetics), poor soicalization, rough start with a differnt owner and then me pulling tbe domanint crap on her,..... poor dear is lucky she even alive. No she was luck she got a vet that could help and was willing to teach and guide and a Mum that will not give up on her.
This wee girl my wee girl will still try to make it to the bathroom to have an accident and even into the shower all on her own. Without being taught. She is blind, confused and not all that happy right now. Man can we back up to Sunday when we thought we had this fixed.
MY child, my furry girl that taught me all about boucing back, over coming and trying till you can not and then coming back and trying again needs her Mum.

So consider it a pause will talk more latter..

JL
__________________
"The truth about an animal is far more beautiful than all the myths woven about it." Konrad Loranz

Last edited by YorkieMother; 08-11-2009 at 05:14 PM.
YorkieMother is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks




Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 01:55 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168