YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > Yorkie Health & Diet
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 05-17-2015, 01:32 PM   #31
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Yorkiemom1 View Post

These ratings are nothing more than HIS opinion of what is "good" for YOUR dog! This has always been the burr under MY saddle....opinions passed off as gospel and people thinking they are reading validated, irrefutability justified, researched, tested, and PROFESSIONALLY formulated diets. OPINIONS on what HE believes what is best for you to be feeding!!!

Quit pulling on my foot Linda, I am crawling back under the chair!!!!
Among the "researched, tested, and PROFESSIONALLY formulated diets," he points out his opinions on their overall ingredients. Just because a diet is researched and tested, it doesn't mean that they are all equal.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 05-17-2015, 02:04 PM   #32
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I really wish dogs could talk and tell us how they're feeling, but since they can't... If a dog is healthy, happy, and energetic, doesn't itch, has a beautiful coat and the underlying skin is healthy, has a healthy weight, no excess gas, AND has good results when blood tests are run, isn't that the best we can expect?

Using cloned dogs in food trials is something I've never heard of before, and I wouldn't have any objections from a moral standpoint, so long as they are treated like regular dogs, not harmed in any way, and taken off the diet immediately if their health starts to deteriorate. A cloned dog is like an identical twin--each has its own personality. There is nothing inhumane about it unless you treat them inhumanely.

Thanks for the interesting discussion!
When I first started studying, there were two schools of thought, one was as long as you got all the nutrients you need, and you’d be fine as long, as you weren't overweight. You could eat fast food and take a vitamin, and that was considered fine. Don’t get mad, but this is how a lot of dog food companies produce kibble, any combination of ingredients that fit the bill and then they add the extra synthetic vitamins as needed. Tested and approved. Just so all the blanks were filled; it didn’t matter if the protein was easy or hard to digest or if the vitamins are synthetic or not.

The other school of thought was that there was more to food than amino acids and vitamins and minerals, and eating foods with real vitamins allowed our bodies to use them better. While no tests could really show the differences at that time, new tests are showing some differences in real vs. synthetic vitamins. Also, I notice diet didn't make much difference when I was young, I think it was when I reached middle age that "you are what you eat" became more true for me. I do notice a great difference when I eat a certain type of diet. I've been studying this for over 50 years, and it's only in the last few years that I'm leaning toward what some call “biologically appropriate” and real vitamins vs. synthetic and whole food rather than processed foods. Dog foods that have these things are also tested, so I don’t know why people think they aren’t tested and approved. I heard one vet say something about a diet that is close to the moisture content of food they would eat in the wild and how it may make a difference as a dog ages because being in a state of constant dehydration might be stressful on the kidneys. Do we have proof of that yet, no but it is interesting. I wish I could be as sure as all of you are, but I have major doubts that a food is the best just because a vet nutritionist hired by a company approves it.

Also, does anyone know if you can even become a vet nutritionist without studying through one of the major food manufacturers?

On cloning, I think people just think it's not right to keep an animal in a lab all of it's life and then dissect it. It's not the cloning per say they are against. That's actually the way they did food trials in the past, but many of us don't feel like the knowledge is worth it. That's how they learned what minimum standards were and if they went below a certain level how bones and organs would suffer, those things aren't noticeable to the naked eye.
__________________

Last edited by Nancy1999; 05-17-2015 at 02:06 PM.
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 02:24 PM   #33
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
When I first started studying, there were two schools of thought, one was as long as you got all the nutrients you need, and you’d be fine as long, as you weren't overweight. You could eat fast food and take a vitamin, and that was considered fine. Don’t get mad, but this is how a lot of dog food companies produce kibble, any combination of ingredients that fit the bill and then they add the extra synthetic vitamins as needed. Tested and approved. Just so all the blanks were filled; it didn’t matter if the protein was easy or hard to digest or if the vitamins are synthetic or not.

The other school of thought was that there was more to food than amino acids and vitamins and minerals, and eating foods with real vitamins allowed our bodies to use them better. While no tests could really show the differences at that time, new tests are showing some differences in real vs. synthetic vitamins. Also, I notice diet didn't make much difference when I was young, I think it was when I reached middle age that "you are what you eat" became more true for me. I do notice a great difference when I eat a certain type of diet. I've been studying this for over 50 years, and it's only in the last few years that I'm leaning toward what some call “biologically appropriate” and real vitamins vs. synthetic and whole food rather than processed foods. Dog foods that have these things are also tested, so I don’t know why people think they aren’t tested and approved. I heard one vet say something about a diet that is close to the moisture content of food they would eat in the wild and how it may make a difference as a dog ages because being in a state of constant dehydration might be stressful on the kidneys. Do we have proof of that yet, no but it is interesting. I wish I could be as sure as all of you are, but I have major doubts that a food is the best just because a vet nutritionist hired by a company approves it.

Also, does anyone know if you can even become a vet nutritionist without studying through one of the major food manufacturers?

On cloning, I think people just think it's not right to keep an animal in a lab all of it's life and then dissect it. It's not the cloning per say they are against. That's actually the way they did food trials in the past, but many of us don't feel like the knowledge is worth it. That's how they learned what minimum standards were and if they went below a certain level how bones and organs would suffer, those things aren't noticeable to the naked eye.
I'll just address the last two paragraphs, since that's where I have the most knowledge. Veterinary nutritionists have to have a veterinary medicine degree from an accredited veterinary college. Then they go through additional education and certification through the American College of Veterinary Nutrition. It has nothing to do with working for a dog food company. See Frequently Asked Questions American College of Veterinary Nutrition

The residency training program in veterinary nutrition is extensive. After achieving a degree in veterinary medicine and completing at least 1 year of internship or clinical experience, residency training includes at least 2 years of study, with a focus on both basic and clinical nutrition as well as research and teaching. Trainees study under the mentorship of at least one boarded veterinary nutritionist and often with contact with many others over the course of the program. Some programs also require graduate level coursework and rotation with other specialists (such as Internal Medicine, Critical Care, and Clinical Pathology). Trainees must prepare and write up three case reports to qualify to take the board exam. The two day written examination is offered annually and covers a wide range of nutritional and medical knowledge.

About the cloning, I too would object if dogs spent their entire life in the lab and then were sacrificed and dissected just for a dog food trial. I would think that physical exams and blood testing would be sufficient to judge the dogs' health. Now that they know the basics of nutrition and how to keep dogs alive, they don't have to starve them or deny vitamins and minerals anymore.
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 02:35 PM   #34
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,451
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I'll just address the last two paragraphs, since that's where I have the most knowledge. Veterinary nutritionists have to have a veterinary medicine degree from an accredited veterinary college. Then they go through additional education and certification through the American College of Veterinary Nutrition. It has nothing to do with working for a dog food company. See Frequently Asked Questions American College of Veterinary Nutrition

The residency training program in veterinary nutrition is extensive. After achieving a degree in veterinary medicine and completing at least 1 year of internship or clinical experience, residency training includes at least 2 years of study, with a focus on both basic and clinical nutrition as well as research and teaching. Trainees study under the mentorship of at least one boarded veterinary nutritionist and often with contact with many others over the course of the program. Some programs also require graduate level coursework and rotation with other specialists (such as Internal Medicine, Critical Care, and Clinical Pathology). Trainees must prepare and write up three case reports to qualify to take the board exam. The two day written examination is offered annually and covers a wide range of nutritional and medical knowledge.

About the cloning, I too would object if dogs spent their entire life in the lab and then were sacrificed and dissected just for a dog food trial. I would think that physical exams and blood testing would be sufficient to judge the dogs' health. Now that they know the basics of nutrition and how to keep dogs alive, they don't have to starve them or deny vitamins and minerals anymore.
I am glad you posted this. I don't think that people realize that these nutritionists are vets first! The one I used here in Houston was a great vet and nutritionist....I miss her SO much.
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:18 PM   #35
T. Bumpkins & Co.
Donating YT Member
 
107barney's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New England
Posts: 9,816
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by ladyjane View Post
I am glad you posted this. I don't think that people realize that these nutritionists are vets first! The one I used here in Houston was a great vet and nutritionist....I miss her SO much.
Not only are they vets first, but many of them have PhDs and clinical experience of many years behind them to give good solid advice.
__________________
Washable Doggie Pee Pads (Save 10% Enter YTSAVE10 at checkout)
Cathy, Teddy, Winston and Baby Clyde...RIP angels Barney and Daisy
107barney is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:21 PM   #36
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I'll just address the last two paragraphs, since that's where I have the most knowledge. Veterinary nutritionists have to have a veterinary medicine degree from an accredited veterinary college. Then they go through additional education and certification through the American College of Veterinary Nutrition. It has nothing to do with working for a dog food company. See Frequently Asked Questions American College of Veterinary Nutrition

The residency training program in veterinary nutrition is extensive. After achieving a degree in veterinary medicine and completing at least 1 year of internship or clinical experience, residency training includes at least 2 years of study, with a focus on both basic and clinical nutrition as well as research and teaching. Trainees study under the mentorship of at least one boarded veterinary nutritionist and often with contact with many others over the course of the program. Some programs also require graduate level coursework and rotation with other specialists (such as Internal Medicine, Critical Care, and Clinical Pathology). Trainees must prepare and write up three case reports to qualify to take the board exam. The two day written examination is offered annually and covers a wide range of nutritional and medical knowledge.

About the cloning, I too would object if dogs spent their entire life in the lab and then were sacrificed and dissected just for a dog food trial. I would think that physical exams and blood testing would be sufficient to judge the dogs' health. Now that they know the basics of nutrition and how to keep dogs alive, they don't have to starve them or deny vitamins and minerals anymore.
Thank you, I read it here once and I never checked it out. I knew that they were vets first, but I wasn't sure where they got their final degree. I would love to find one that didn't work for one of the companies and see if indeed there is more than one school of thought regarding, synthetic vs.. natural. I don't know why it would be any different than with human nutrition.

To do a proper testing and really learn the differences, you would have to keep the dogs on a certain diet their whole lives, and we not just looking for things that keep them healthy through middle age, but old age as well. I think there is more information growing in the field of human nutrition, and much of it would pass on to other species.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:30 PM   #37
T. Bumpkins & Co.
Donating YT Member
 
107barney's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New England
Posts: 9,816
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Thank you, I read it here once and I never checked it out. I knew that they were vets first, but I wasn't sure where they got their final degree. I would love to find one that didn't work for one of the companies and see if indeed there is more than one school of thought regarding, synthetic vs.. natural. I don't know why it would be any different than with human nutrition.

To do a proper testing and really learn the differences, you would have to keep the dogs on a certain diet their whole lives, and we not just looking for things that keep them healthy through middle age, but old age as well. I think there is more information growing in the field of human nutrition, and much of it would pass on to other species.
Dr Remillard doesn't work for a pet food company and she answers questions on "ask the nutritionist" on her pet diets page. I'm biased since I've used her professional services since 2009, but she's a huge name in veterinary medicine without my little crumb of business.
__________________
Washable Doggie Pee Pads (Save 10% Enter YTSAVE10 at checkout)
Cathy, Teddy, Winston and Baby Clyde...RIP angels Barney and Daisy
107barney is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:32 PM   #38
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by 107barney View Post
Dr Remillard doesn't work for a pet food company and she answers questions on "ask the nutritionist" on her pet diets page. I'm biased since I've used her professional services since 2009, but she's a huge name in veterinary medicine without my little crumb of business.
Well, maybe you could ask her what the debates on the top end are about.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:41 PM   #39
YT Addict
 
MissSunni's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2015
Location: NJ USA
Posts: 492
Default

You know what guys. I am sorry I posted that stupid link! I KNOW that there are a million different rankings by different ppl and sites. I actually posted this one because he started it as a consumer! He never claims to be an expert. Its left up to anyone who reads it to decipher it as they will. The fact that alot of you think he is claiming to be an expert shows you havent really read what he says, in my opinion.

Apparantly there are a number of experts on this forum.. I should have just posted...for the uneducated consumer..maybe heres a list you dummies can look at before you buy Alpo.

I am surprised that this thread has bascially been hijacked and laughed at...but, thats fine. Have your fun, but its not at my expense because I will still have my opinions and thoughts and I will continue to read whatever I find interesting, but I will NOT post a link here again, thats for sure. I'll leave it to all the certified experts. My feelings are not hurt. I'm just shaking my head at the tone of this whole thread. Thanks to the few who tried to be rational and chose not to make me look and feel like an idiot.
MissSunni is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 03:46 PM   #40
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,451
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by MissSunni View Post
You know what guys. I am sorry I posted that stupid link! I KNOW that there are a million different rankings by different ppl and sites. I actually posted this one because he started it as a consumer! He never claims to be an expert. Its left up to anyone who reads it to decipher it as they will. The fact that alot of you think he is claiming to be an expert shows you havent really read what he says, in my opinion.

Apparantly there are a number of experts on this forum.. I should have just posted...for the uneducated consumer..maybe heres a list you dummies can look at before you buy Alpo.

I am surprised that this thread has bascially been hijacked and laughed at...but, thats fine. Have your fun, but its not at my expense because I will still have my opinions and thoughts and I will continue to read whatever I find interesting, but I will NOT post a link here again, thats for sure. I'll leave it to all the certified experts. My feelings are not hurt. I'm just shaking my head at the tone of this whole thread. Thanks to the few who tried to be rational and chose not to make me look and feel like an idiot.
This has nothing to do with you. No one thinks you are an idiot and you should not take it personal.

Some of us have basically been a bit tired of the drama that begins if we question the DFA, so we were just laughing at that. Phil said Food Fight which really was in jest and we all fell in line with that.

No, I don't agree with following the DFA, but there are folks who do...to each his own. I am sorry if I made you feel badly in any way at all. It certainly was not my intent. I don't even know you or have any feelings in any way about you. It was just a thread and some of us have some humor...you have to sometimes in life.
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 04:04 PM   #41
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,451
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Thank you, I read it here once and I never checked it out. I knew that they were vets first, but I wasn't sure where they got their final degree. I would love to find one that didn't work for one of the companies and see if indeed there is more than one school of thought regarding, synthetic vs.. natural. I don't know why it would be any different than with human nutrition.

To do a proper testing and really learn the differences, you would have to keep the dogs on a certain diet their whole lives, and we not just looking for things that keep them healthy through middle age, but old age as well. I think there is more information growing in the field of human nutrition, and much of it would pass on to other species.
Here is another one....I am thinking of using her in the future if I need a consult:

https://weethnutrition.wordpress.com/about/
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 04:55 PM   #42
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Thank you, I read it here once and I never checked it out. I knew that they were vets first, but I wasn't sure where they got their final degree. I would love to find one that didn't work for one of the companies and see if indeed there is more than one school of thought regarding, synthetic vs.. natural. I don't know why it would be any different than with human nutrition.

To do a proper testing and really learn the differences, you would have to keep the dogs on a certain diet their whole lives, and we not just looking for things that keep them healthy through middle age, but old age as well. I think there is more information growing in the field of human nutrition, and much of it would pass on to other species.
The ACVN has a list of all of the veterinary nutritionists in the US on this page: Diplomate Directory American College of Veterinary Nutrition

If you click on "more information," you can find out where they are and what they are doing.

If you follow a dog all of the way until old age on a feeding trial, I wonder whether you can wait for them to die of natural causes and then perform an autopsy to gather the final data?
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 04:59 PM   #43
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by ladyjane View Post
Here is another one....I am thinking of using her in the future if I need a consult:

https://weethnutrition.wordpress.com/about/
Just found this article on her website. It's short, but quite good (and relevant): https://weethnutrition.wordpress.com...-you-pet-food/
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 05:13 PM   #44
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
Just found this article on her website. It's short, but quite good (and relevant): https://weethnutrition.wordpress.com...-you-pet-food/
And a few more good articles on animal nutrition and pet foods here:

https://weethnutrition.wordpress.com...sic-nutrition/
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 05-17-2015, 05:24 PM   #45
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by MissSunni View Post
You know what guys. I am sorry I posted that stupid link! I KNOW that there are a million different rankings by different ppl and sites. I actually posted this one because he started it as a consumer! He never claims to be an expert. Its left up to anyone who reads it to decipher it as they will. The fact that alot of you think he is claiming to be an expert shows you havent really read what he says, in my opinion.

Apparantly there are a number of experts on this forum.. I should have just posted...for the uneducated consumer..maybe heres a list you dummies can look at before you buy Alpo.

I am surprised that this thread has bascially been hijacked and laughed at...but, thats fine. Have your fun, but its not at my expense because I will still have my opinions and thoughts and I will continue to read whatever I find interesting, but I will NOT post a link here again, thats for sure. I'll leave it to all the certified experts. My feelings are not hurt. I'm just shaking my head at the tone of this whole thread. Thanks to the few who tried to be rational and chose not to make me look and feel like an idiot.
Don't apologize. Each thread on dog food usually unearths new information that is educational for everyone on Yorkietalk, even if things get a little side tracked sometimes. And if you've followed other threads on dog foods, you will find that this one has been quite civil. No poster has called any other poster names, and no one has either directly or indirectly implied that you or any other poster is an idiot. If you were to dig through all of my posts in the past two years, you would find several where I gave links to the Dog Food Advisor as an authoritative source of good information on dog food. I don't think that I was an idiot then, and I don't think that I'm any smarter now. I've just changed my opinion after being presented with more information.
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks




Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 11:16 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167