YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Training Questions
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 03-28-2009, 07:59 AM   #16
JJC
YT Addict
 
JJC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Kansas
Posts: 261
Default

If you would have asked me six months ago if I would ever put a diaper on a pet I would have said no way. Fast forward to today and I would recommend it when your working on potty training. I ordered some fundies from a YT member here (Fu Fu Fashions) and I'm so glad I did. It's so easy to take them off/on and leaves me a lot less stressed. If there is an accident we don't have urine soaking into the carpet. We can focus on the positive times we get it right without as much stress over our mistakes. If you don't already you might consider using belly bands for the little guy while he's going through training whever he's out of his kennel or xpen if you use them. Here is a link to her belly bands. FuFu Fashions Belly Bands, Doggie diapers, Dog Diapers They aren't a substitution for outside potty breaks, they are more like having an insurance policy for the occasional mistake around the house.
__________________
- Jennifer
Joshua Jenna Kissy Natasha
JJC is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 03-28-2009, 10:37 AM   #17
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mom to Hot Rod View Post
Glade that this thread is a bit more civil. I apologize for getting frustrated with the other thread but it seemed as though bits and pieces of information kept surfacing and the story was not what it appeared to be.

Having said that, I am very glad to hear that your gf is willing to shoulder some of the training responsibilities. It does take effort on all those involved to work together for a common goal. You said that she has a roommate, is there anyway that that person could come home in the middle of the day and take Ollie out for a walk? If this is not an option, seriously consider using an expen. In my opionion, it is a better option because this gives them stretching room. I wouldn't want to be confined in a cubicle for hours at a time.

As for the treats, I would give one each time he potty's. If you are concerned with the type of treats, we have been giving pieces of carrots. They go nuts when they hear the crunch of them. I use the baby carrots and will eat one or two-good for me as well. I also give Zuke's but I break them in half and each get one.

Lil fu fu girl has a great idea for a command for pottying. We use "do your stuff". I have read that you should say it when they are actually in the act so they can associate it with the act and learn it accordingly. Again, whatever you decide, both of you need to use the same command.

I, as the others have, would like to Thank You for your sacrifices in keeping our country safe. My brother and husband are vets from the "conflict" and I say Thank You to them every veteren's day. Stay safe.

Here is a picture of the expen that we use; you can put a clear shower liner underneath it to make easier for cleanups:
We definitely don't use the same catch phrase. That is something we need to do.

Thankfully her roommate moved out. Her dog is over 10 years old and probably couldn't help some of her accidents. To make matters worse her roommate gave her the full run of the apartment, so who knows who's mostly responsible for the state of the apartment - the cat, the old dog, or Ollie. In any event the rank of all 3 scents can't be helping with the dog - I know he's partially confused because of that (ie... why is/was it ok for the cat and other dog to soil the entire apartment, but not me? Not to mention marking motives...).

As for your pen, he's VERY athletic for his size. It amazes me how high he can jump and it would have to have a top to it. We do have a bathroom that has tile in it, but I'm worried he'd be confused about going inside being ok. What my best bet probably is is having her come home during her break at work to walk the dog. She sure hurries home when she knows I'm working nights. Once I train HER on all the other stuff, I probably need to get HER trained to do that when I can't get there. I know I can't make it, because 1 hour of round trip driving would be way to long for my boss to allow me apart from work. Any house that I'd have would come complete with a doggie door one day.

I talked to her on the phone today and told her that I expected her to set the timer. I'm hoping she'll keep close to the 3 hour rule, for the dog's sake and mine!
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 10:41 AM   #18
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mom to Hot Rod View Post
Glade that this thread is a bit more civil. I apologize for getting frustrated with the other thread but it seemed as though bits and pieces of information kept surfacing and the story was not what it appeared to be.

Having said that, I am very glad to hear that your gf is willing to shoulder some of the training responsibilities. It does take effort on all those involved to work together for a common goal. You said that she has a roommate, is there anyway that that person could come home in the middle of the day and take Ollie out for a walk? If this is not an option, seriously consider using an expen. In my opionion, it is a better option because this gives them stretching room. I wouldn't want to be confined in a cubicle for hours at a time.

As for the treats, I would give one each time he potty's. If you are concerned with the type of treats, we have been giving pieces of carrots. They go nuts when they hear the crunch of them. I use the baby carrots and will eat one or two-good for me as well. I also give Zuke's but I break them in half and each get one.

Lil fu fu girl has a great idea for a command for pottying. We use "do your stuff". I have read that you should say it when they are actually in the act so they can associate it with the act and learn it accordingly. Again, whatever you decide, both of you need to use the same command.

I, as the others have, would like to Thank You for your sacrifices in keeping our country safe. My brother and husband are vets from the "conflict" and I say Thank You to them every veteren's day. Stay safe.

Here is a picture of the expen that we use; you can put a clear shower liner underneath it to make easier for cleanups:
Yeah... Looking at the picture he'd hurdle that like it wasn't even there. He'd have more fun hurdling it and think it was a play toy. When my girlfriend got him she bought a baby crib for him to play in and it wasn't even a month before he was jumping in and out. Now its a play thing for him as we throw toys into it so that he can hurdle his way in and then hurdle his way out. He's got some serious hops!
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 10:50 AM   #19
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by JJC View Post
If you would have asked me six months ago if I would ever put a diaper on a pet I would have said no way. Fast forward to today and I would recommend it when your working on potty training. I ordered some fundies from a YT member here (Fu Fu Fashions) and I'm so glad I did. It's so easy to take them off/on and leaves me a lot less stressed. If there is an accident we don't have urine soaking into the carpet. We can focus on the positive times we get it right without as much stress over our mistakes. If you don't already you might consider using belly bands for the little guy while he's going through training whever he's out of his kennel or xpen if you use them. Here is a link to her belly bands. FuFu Fashions Belly Bands, Doggie diapers, Dog Diapers They aren't a substitution for outside potty breaks, they are more like having an insurance policy for the occasional mistake around the house.
Ordered...
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 10:51 AM   #20
TLC
Slave to My Rug-Rats
Donating Member
 
TLC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2005
Location: Long Island
Posts: 7,247
Default

I don't believe in long periods of crate fro training. I have either used a expen or baby gated them in a spare room.

Absolutely - Positive Praise and a Small Yummy GOOD potty behavior treat is 100% the most important tool you have right now.

I use Peanut Butter Chips (from the baking isle) They are sooooo small yet soooooo effective. This treat is ONLY for good potty behavior. Whole foods actually carries a bag that is made from natural peanut butter.

Your on the right track
__________________
Adopt Donate Foster
www.yorkie911rescue.com
TLC is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 11:49 AM   #21
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by TLC View Post
I don't believe in long periods of crate fro training. I have either used a expen or baby gated them in a spare room.

Absolutely - Positive Praise and a Small Yummy GOOD potty behavior treat is 100% the most important tool you have right now.

I use Peanut Butter Chips (from the baking isle) They are sooooo small yet soooooo effective. This treat is ONLY for good potty behavior. Whole foods actually carries a bag that is made from natural peanut butter.

Your on the right track
The crate training issue is 100% out of my control. I know most days she could make it home to let him out, but I've got bigger battles to fight right now. Maybe once she's taking him out every 3 hours then I can move on that. It's never going to be feasible for me to do it because the two places I work are waaaaay to far of a drive to avoid having to take leave from work.

I've never thought of it as cruel, because my Setters could have handled up to 12 hours no problem - (although it was never an issue with us - we never did that). I know Yorkies are obviously smaller than my Setters, but are their bladders proportionally smaller? If a Setters bladder is 2% of his body, is a Yorkie's bladder 1%?
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 11:53 AM   #22
TLC
Slave to My Rug-Rats
Donating Member
 
TLC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2005
Location: Long Island
Posts: 7,247
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by globemaster View Post
The crate training issue is 100% out of my control. I know most days she could make it home to let him out, but I've got bigger battles to fight right now. Maybe once she's taking him out every 3 hours then I can move on that. It's never going to be feasible for me to do it because the two places I work are waaaaay to far of a drive to avoid having to take leave from work.

I've never thought of it as cruel, because my Setters could have handled up to 12 hours no problem - (although it was never an issue with us - we never did that). I know Yorkies are obviously smaller than my Setters, but are their bladders proportionally smaller? If a Setters bladder is 2% of his body, is a Yorkie's bladder 1%?
How big is Ollie?

I never did the crate bc my are home for 10 hrs at a minimum and that's too long to expect them to hold it. Mine are pee pad trained. I still do have some marking/anxiety issue with my girl, even though she was spayed at 6 months.

Yes there bladders are much smaller, you run the risk of infection from holding pee too long as well. Crate training is good for potty training purposes, but he's gotta be able to have a mid day pee break - If not, I don't know if I'd do it
__________________
Adopt Donate Foster
www.yorkie911rescue.com

Last edited by TLC; 03-28-2009 at 11:54 AM.
TLC is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 12:07 PM   #23
Donating YT 5000 Club Member
 
Mom to Hot Rod's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: MD
Posts: 10,908
Default

I know that you do not like having pottying in the house but once we got Hot Rod trained to the pad and the expen, it was like a huge sigh of relief! I didn't drive like a maniac to get home and I was able to concentrate on work. And he was able to get some exercise and have some toys in the pen with him. There are taller pens and some pens have a cover you can get. Or if you will gate him off in a room that is good also. Just be sure that he can't scale the gate or slip through it as Maggie was doing! She would squeeze her body thru the center of the gate, we could never figure out how she made it until I watched her do it one day.

As for being confused of going potty in the house on a pad and outside, that may happen at first but...baby steps. The goal is to get him not soil on the carpet. If he will learn to use the pad that is part of the battle. Hopefully he will then be able to figure that pottying is acceptable in certain places. For some reason, we didn't have that issue with Hot Rod. Maggie on the other hand will sometimes come back in from walks and go straight to her pad and poo. She pees outside and does poo outside, but not 100% of the time. Just look at it from Ollie's perspective, he doesn't know you want him to go in a certain place, he just needs to go and his momma encouraged do this whenever and wherever he needed to. It would be great if they were like cats and were taught to use the litter box by mom.
__________________
www.kissecollar.com
Soft Cone Collars for Post-surgery and much more!
10% (non-food) - Discount code YT10
Mom to Hot Rod is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 12:13 PM   #24
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by TLC View Post
How big is Ollie?

I never did the crate bc my are home for 10 hrs at a minimum and that's too long to expect them to hold it. Mine are pee pad trained. I still do have some marking/anxiety issue with my girl, even though she was spayed at 6 months.

Yes there bladders are much smaller, you run the risk of infection from holding pee too long as well. Crate training is good for potty training purposes, but he's gotta be able to have a mid day pee break - If not, I don't know if I'd do it
I agree with everything you said. He's probably 3-3.5 pounds of PURE muscle. He looks like a humongous flea when he jumps.

I wish there was some way to let him out mid day, but it just doesn't work for me. If I could only convince her... I'm gonna bring up the bladder infection thing, because that's valid too. The same thing can happen to humans too... I know peeing is a males way of keeping his pipes clean and that is one reason why it is so important for males to both drink lots of water and pee a lot. I'm sure a dog is no different than a human there. I believe holding it can often result in bladder problems later in life too...
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 12:24 PM   #25
Donating YT Addict
 
cpuff35's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2008
Location: Cresskill, NJ, USA
Posts: 1,030
Default

Hi Globemaster, you're getting a lot of good advice from other YT members here. I'm not sure if this is something you want to consider... Perhaps you can have Ollie be pee pad trained first. That way you can leave Ollie in the bathroom with pee pad and not worry about rushing home every 3 hours to take him out. That's what I did for Cassi and Ori. Initially I confined them to the bathroom when I'm not home with 2-3 pee pads laid out on the floor (my bathroom is pretty big b/c it has a connecting shower room). At first they had a few potty accidents on the floor but once they got the hang of it I started to give them more room. Now they have the bathroom and the whole hallway.

To reinforce pee pad training, this is what I did. Every morning when I wake up I would take them to their pee pad so that they could do their business, praise and give a small treat. When I'm not home I would confine them in the bathroom with the pee pad and their crate. Upon returning home, I would immediately take them to their pee pad. Once they potty I would allow them free rome around the house. However, after an hour or two, I would keep them confined to a smaller area and would keep a very close eye on them. About 3 hours later from the time they went potty I would bring them back to their pee pad again so they could do their business. If they've done their business, once again I would allow them free rome of the house. If they don't do their business, then I keep them confined in the bathroom with the pee pads until they go potty. Just keep in mind, that you have to constantly do this repetively for a few months before they get the hang of it. I brought Ori home at the end of January and it's been 2 months past and he's already 75% potty trained. Whereas Cassi, she's been with us for 1 year now and she's 100% potty trained.

One last thing, after Cassi was about 85% potty trained we would start bringing her out for walks. Initially, she wouldn't go potty outside but after a month or two, she started to go outside as well. So now she's not only pee pad trained but she also does her potty outside as well. One good thing about pee pads, when it get's cold or rainy they could do their business indoors. Good luck!!!
__________________
Evelyn, mommy to Cassiopia Titus

Orion

Last edited by cpuff35; 03-28-2009 at 12:26 PM.
cpuff35 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 12:45 PM   #26
TLC
Slave to My Rug-Rats
Donating Member
 
TLC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2005
Location: Long Island
Posts: 7,247
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by globemaster View Post
I agree with everything you said. He's probably 3-3.5 pounds of PURE muscle. He looks like a humongous flea when he jumps.

I wish there was some way to let him out mid day, but it just doesn't work for me. If I could only convince her... I'm gonna bring up the bladder infection thing, because that's valid too. The same thing can happen to humans too... I know peeing is a males way of keeping his pipes clean and that is one reason why it is so important for males to both drink lots of water and pee a lot. I'm sure a dog is no different than a human there. I believe holding it can often result in bladder problems later in life too...
OK - well, I am going to be very honest. IF I had a 3 or 3.5 lbs male - NO WAY would I be containing him to a crate for more than 4 hrs. TOPS

Is he neutered? If NOT - this is something that should be done ASAP - not only will this protect him from cancer it should help with any marking issues.

Again, honestly...If he were mine, I'd buy a tall gate (or even 2 staked in the door frame) and contain him in the bathroom with pee pads when left home alone, whether it be 1 hour or 10. And I would have a pee pad in there at ALL times. I would continue to walk him often to do potty outside as much as possible. When inside and someone is home, I would use belly bands (with a maxi pad) to ensure he doesn't mark, but I would be slowly trying to get him away from relying on a belly band.
__________________
Adopt Donate Foster
www.yorkie911rescue.com
TLC is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 12:52 PM   #27
JJC
YT Addict
 
JJC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Kansas
Posts: 261
Default

We also have an area like Mom To Hot Rod does for when we can't be with them. They use their wee wee pads so we don't have a mess on the floor. It's a "safe place" for them to potty indoors if they need to when we aren't around to take them outside. I took the door off their crate so they have free roam of "their area" and they do really well. I take them on scheduled outings every 2 hours from the last time they went out and actually pottied. My girls love to go outside and they figured out really quick that when they ring the bells they go outside. They are usually abusing the bells when they ring them but I take them out to their spot for 10-15 minutes (depending on how serious they appear to be about it) and then were back inside with their fundies on or in their xpen.
__________________
- Jennifer
Joshua Jenna Kissy Natasha
JJC is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 01:19 PM   #28
TLC
Slave to My Rug-Rats
Donating Member
 
TLC's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2005
Location: Long Island
Posts: 7,247
Default

Again...Positive Praise and Treat Reward is a great system. Dogs want to please and if you give them the reinforcement they quickly learn want exactly pleases you.

NEVER ~ NEVER ~ NEVER Punish him - I promise you, it will NOT teach him what is the RIGHT thing to do.

Punishment will only make him scared and confused, he will start to think that doing potty in general is bad and that's not what you want. You want him to learn Good Potty - so you praise and reward for good behavior.

Wanting to and actually punishing a dog is NOT a quality you should have.

Dog and People are NOT the same, they don't have the same thinking.

I truly hope this all works out ~ it seems that you really want it to!


....and get him neutered ASAP - it's for his health
__________________
Adopt Donate Foster
www.yorkie911rescue.com
TLC is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 02:19 PM   #29
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mom to Hot Rod View Post
I know that you do not like having pottying in the house but once we got Hot Rod trained to the pad and the expen, it was like a huge sigh of relief! I didn't drive like a maniac to get home and I was able to concentrate on work. And he was able to get some exercise and have some toys in the pen with him. There are taller pens and some pens have a cover you can get. Or if you will gate him off in a room that is good also. Just be sure that he can't scale the gate or slip through it as Maggie was doing! She would squeeze her body thru the center of the gate, we could never figure out how she made it until I watched her do it one day.

As for being confused of going potty in the house on a pad and outside, that may happen at first but...baby steps. The goal is to get him not soil on the carpet. If he will learn to use the pad that is part of the battle. Hopefully he will then be able to figure that pottying is acceptable in certain places. For some reason, we didn't have that issue with Hot Rod. Maggie on the other hand will sometimes come back in from walks and go straight to her pad and poo. She pees outside and does poo outside, but not 100% of the time. Just look at it from Ollie's perspective, he doesn't know you want him to go in a certain place, he just needs to go and his momma encouraged do this whenever and wherever he needed to. It would be great if they were like cats and were taught to use the litter box by mom.
I know she's used them before. I'm not sure what the result was. I agree that Ollie needs some form of solution. To tell you the truth the "work" crate times don't bother me as much as the times she doesn't go directly home. It isn't every day that she does that, but sometimes...
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-28-2009, 02:22 PM   #30
Yorkie Yakker
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: United States
Posts: 72
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by cpuff35 View Post
Hi Globemaster, you're getting a lot of good advice from other YT members here. I'm not sure if this is something you want to consider... Perhaps you can have Ollie be pee pad trained first. That way you can leave Ollie in the bathroom with pee pad and not worry about rushing home every 3 hours to take him out. That's what I did for Cassi and Ori. Initially I confined them to the bathroom when I'm not home with 2-3 pee pads laid out on the floor (my bathroom is pretty big b/c it has a connecting shower room). At first they had a few potty accidents on the floor but once they got the hang of it I started to give them more room. Now they have the bathroom and the whole hallway.

To reinforce pee pad training, this is what I did. Every morning when I wake up I would take them to their pee pad so that they could do their business, praise and give a small treat. When I'm not home I would confine them in the bathroom with the pee pad and their crate. Upon returning home, I would immediately take them to their pee pad. Once they potty I would allow them free rome around the house. However, after an hour or two, I would keep them confined to a smaller area and would keep a very close eye on them. About 3 hours later from the time they went potty I would bring them back to their pee pad again so they could do their business. If they've done their business, once again I would allow them free rome of the house. If they don't do their business, then I keep them confined in the bathroom with the pee pads until they go potty. Just keep in mind, that you have to constantly do this repetively for a few months before they get the hang of it. I brought Ori home at the end of January and it's been 2 months past and he's already 75% potty trained. Whereas Cassi, she's been with us for 1 year now and she's 100% potty trained.

One last thing, after Cassi was about 85% potty trained we would start bringing her out for walks. Initially, she wouldn't go potty outside but after a month or two, she started to go outside as well. So now she's not only pee pad trained but she also does her potty outside as well. One good thing about pee pads, when it get's cold or rainy they could do their business indoors. Good luck!!!
That MIGHT work... The bathroom doesn't bother me as much because its out of the way as the apartment is set up and its tiled. If something gets off the pad then it isn't the disaster that the carpet is.
globemaster is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks




Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 09:47 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167