YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 07-03-2011, 01:47 AM   #46
YT Addict
 
Dolcesmama_xoxo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2011
Location: Tucson, AZ, USA
Posts: 474
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gracielove View Post
I think it is possible that irresponsible pet owners may ruin things for people who actually behave well with their animals in public. Maybe there are people bringing larger animals in or dogs that are not well behaved. I would rather have people bring their dogs inside then leave them in the car, but that is just me. Some people just hate animals and will complain no matter what.
In our area it is almost impossible for renters to find places to live that allow pets because of irresponsible pet owners that have let their pets ruin carpeting and walls. There will always be those who ruin a good thing for everyone else.
i agree. people shouldnt leave their dogs in their cars, especially when its hot out. and i can understand why people wouldn't want to leave their animal unattended. Someone can just come steal them! I know we would like to believe the world is a happy place, but its really not. There really are people out there like that. And especially for little guys like our yorkies.
__________________
DOLCE & BENTLEY
LOVE my little MUNCHKINS
Dolcesmama_xoxo is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 07-03-2011, 02:31 AM   #47
YT Addict
 
Dolcesmama_xoxo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2011
Location: Tucson, AZ, USA
Posts: 474
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Sorry for posting again, but I also wanted to share some information that was part of my research in finding out that I actually NEEDED a service dog and could benefit from one. This might benefit someone out there on YT. YES a small dog CAN be a service dog. They are not ALL big dogs, seeing eye dogs, etc. as some people may think.

What tasks do psychiatric service dogs perform?
Psychiatric Service Dogs are like any other service animal. They are individually trained in obedience, performing tasks, and working in distracting public environments to mitigate their partner's psychiatric disability. Their function is not to provide emotional support, but to perform tasks which enable their partner to function in ordinary ways the non-disabled take for granted.

Find a person or place... Example: A person becomes separated from his family in a crowd. As the crowd closes in around him, he experiences a panic attack and difficulty breathing. He cannot call out to his family. He gives his dog a signal to locate his family who will help him, or to locate an exit where he can escape the crowd and get fresh air.
I am currently in the process of training her to find my fiance if we are seperated. I currently can't go anywhere without him or another person, for fear of having an attack and being alone, but hopefully in the near future, I will feel safe going with just myself and Dolce and know that she can take care of me.

Signal for certain sounds... Example: A person heavily sedated, in a flashback, or in a psychotic episode fails to respond to a smoke alarm. His dog is trained to persistently and very firmly signal him until he responds.
I take medications that cause me to be heavily sedated at times. When I take my anxiety meds I am usually useless since I don't take them on a regular basis, only when I have an episode. I can't get up and do anything for hours and probably would not hear a smoke alarm, an intruder, or sense anything is wrong.

Bring medication in an emergency... Example: A person with an anxiety disability experiences severe gastric distress when overstressed. The resulting nausea causes him to become disoriented and dizzy. He falls to the ground and cannot rise. His dog is trained to retrieve his anti-nausea medication and bring it to him.
I stated before, that Dolce is trained to get my medication from my purse, when she knows I am having an attack. Sometimes she will even sense it coming on before it actually does and will bring me my meds. The first time she did that it stumped me. I thought she forgot how to do the task correctly and then an episode hit. I was so surprised and SO glad that I have her.

In addition to tasks, psychiatric service dogs can be trained to perform emotionally comforting behaviors, such as licking or snuggling with their disabled handler on command.
Dolce would lick me to death ever since I first got her. At first I thought it was cute. Then I realized how calm I was while she was doing it. Now this is part of our "episode ritual".

Some feelings of isolation or of being unloved can be relieved by unconditional positive interaction with another living being. While these bonus behaviors are not true tasks, in the sense that they alone would justify the animal as a service dog, they can be very beneficial to the handler in times of stress. Handlers also report that the tactile stimulation of petting their dog or being nuzzled can help them to reorient during a dissociative episode or panic attack.
There are many psychological benefits to being partnered with a service dog separate from the tasks they perform. A dog depending on them for care can force a person to get up out of bed to take the dog out to walk and to give the dog food and water. The simple act of getting up and moving around, especially getting fresh air, can help relieve some of the symptoms of depression. The routine of caring for the dog can help the person get on a routine for feeding and caring for themselves at the same time, i.e. when the dog eats, the person also eats a meal.
__________________
DOLCE & BENTLEY
LOVE my little MUNCHKINS
Dolcesmama_xoxo is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 04:37 AM   #48
Currently Suspended!
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Chicago
Posts: 198
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dolcesmama_xoxo View Post
2. Q: What is a service animal?
A: The ADA defines a service animal as any guide dog, signal dog, or other animal individually trained to provide assistance to an individual with a disability. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified by a state or local government.



I am not in any way trying to find a "loophole" for the ADA. I have a disability which does not allow me to go places with crowds of people. Im not talking crowds like at a concert. Im talking crowds like at the grocery store. Like I stated before, I have anxiety/panic disorder to a degree where if I'm in "crowds" of people I hyperventilate and my hands cramp up where I can't even get to my medication in my purse. I have trained Dolce to get my medication which is in a pouch that she can grab for me. She is also the only thing that can calm me down enough while I wait for my medication to kick in. Anyway, I was only letting the poster know about these laws because I didn't even know about them myself until I started researching about them when my illness started to spiral out of control recently. I don't know anything about the poster other than they have a yorkie. They, and possible other people that post her on YT, might find the information useful if they are like me in any way. I'm in no way asking people to look for a loophole or break the law. I'm sorry that people took it that way. I didn't think I would need to explain myself and my situation to people, because I didnt think people would judge. Like I said before, the service dog would need to perform 3 tasks that you can look up a list for, and if the dog doesn't perform those tasks (which all have to do with helping a disabled person) then they don't qualify. *sigh* anyway, now i regret ever posting on this thread because it has just become a headache for me. I was just trying to explain some useful information for any people that it would benefit.

I am fully aware of what a "service" animal is. I have a son that is special needs and my dog, cj is a service dog/therapy dog for him. However, there is a DISTINCT difference between the two. There is also a difference between and ESA (an Emotional Support Animal) and a PSD (Psychiatrica Service Dog) since youre all for quoting the ADA. I wasnt implying anything about you. I dont know you. I just wanted to know what were the three tasks a yorkie can do to qualify as a service dog just out of mere curiousity.


Just like the YT'ers on this forum is passionate about their babies and byb breeders, I am passionate about children and adults with special needs and I would hate for anyone to get the ideal from your situation that they can find a loophole just for the sole benefit of taking their furbaby anyway they feel they should go. It's an insult to my son and other people who require these dogs. She didnt mention anything about having any kind of disability in order for her dog to accompany her into Blockbuster.

BTW, your dog sounds like an ESA/Therapy dog, not a service dog. Since we're quoting things now, here we go:


"I can't go out alone because of social phobia; my dog makes me feel safe enough to go out to the grocery store and other places I need to go." This describes an emotional support animal, not a psychiatric service animal.

How can you tell the difference between emotional support and psychiatric tasks? Take emotion out of the equation by asking yourself what a robot might do to help you overcome a barrier to performing major life activities. Next ask yourself if a dog might be able to do the same thing. Then ask if a dog could be trained to do that thing.

Sometimes folks want emotional support so they look for a list of service dog tasks to try to justify their ESA as a PSD. This is the backwards way to select tasks and usually results in tasks which will not hold up in court. The courts have told us that tasks must: 1) be trained and not a natural behavior of the dog, 2) must mitigate the person's disability, 3) must be needed by that specific handler. Some examples that don't hold water:

medication reminders for someone who could just as easily check a clock or set a watch alarm
carrying medication for a person who could carry their own medication in a purse or pocket
retrieving a newspaper for someone who doesn't subscribe to a newspaper
public access for a handler whose dog's only task is to wake them, when the person doesn't fall asleep in public (which a person with narcolepsy might actually need help in managing, but most folks would not)
a dog who provides encouragement or affection so a person can take a test or visit a store
an attack dog to protect a victim of assault (see also IAADP's article on PTSD)
Please note that a dog which becomes upset when the handler is upset is not "alerting" to the handler's upset. He is responding to it and doing so in an emotionally unstable way. A psychiatric service dog should be extremely stable and not be drawn into their handler's emotional state, but rather remain calm, thinking, and working in spite of their handler's upset. Vomiting, trying to drag the handler away, and acting up are all indications of emotional distress in the dog. A therapist who joins the disabled person in "freaking out" is not professional, and neither is a service dog who does so. A person in emotional distress needs a solid rock to think clearly for them and guide and help them, be that a therapist or doctor, or service dog. They do not need someone "freaking out" or overly empathizing with them. Remember that the number one reason dogs bite is out of fear not aggression. A dog put into a situation that it is emotionally unable to handle is at risk of biting, something which can result in the dog being declared vicious and put down.
babiegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 04:40 AM   #49
Currently Suspended!
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Chicago
Posts: 198
Default

One more.....


*The way we look at it is what the regulation says is that a service animal is an animal that's trained to provide services for a person. So something that is just a pet is not, and we try to be broad, because there could be a whole range of services that an animal can be trained to provide, but it has to be trained to do it and it has to be doing services. Because there has been a great deal of misunderstanding and we are told by a number of guide dog users around the country of abuses that are occurring and a backlash that's happening to people with service animals because of it. When we do the regulations that I'm talking about in the fall, we're going to ask questions about this issue and be specific about this. Should emotional support animals be covered by the ADA? Should they be required to be in restaurants? Should they be required to be in public transportation? In our view, they're not covered now unless they are providing a service to the person.**

Once again, I am not implying anything about you. I know depending on the state, ESD are allowed the same access as a service dog or a PSD, which it sounds like in your state.

Last edited by babiegurl; 07-03-2011 at 04:44 AM.
babiegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 05:43 AM   #50
Ringo (1) and Lucy too!
Donating Member
 
Ringo1's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: On the Edge of Glory
Posts: 3,447
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by KazzyK810 View Post
Blockbuster is a sinking ship. You'd think they'd welcome all the customers they can get.
That is SO true. Our is like a Ghosttown. Between Netflix; On Demand; and who knows what all - I would say they need EVERY customer they can get.
__________________
Mommy to Lucy, Ringo, and Matthew
Ringo1 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 05:48 AM   #51
Currently Suspended!
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Chicago
Posts: 198
Default

Blockbuster has the nerve to have an app on my phone where I can rent movies. The cost is $4.99 and you only get to watch the movie ONCE. How about an Epic FAIL?
babiegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 06:01 AM   #52
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
My lil friend's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: FtWorth,TX,USA
Posts: 3,269
Default

Dolcesmama, as the OP I did not think you were trying to find a loophole. You stated that you had a disability in your post. I thought the information was very interesting,for the reason that you stated in your post. That others may have a need.
I am glad that you found a way to go out in public and enjoy life.
My lil friend is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 08:19 AM   #53
Currently Suspended!
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Chicago
Posts: 198
Default

I have bipolar/BPD...I guess Zoey should accompany me too....Whatever...
babiegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 10:44 AM   #54
Between♥Suspensions
Donating Member
 
concretegurl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: Vaissades
Posts: 7,979
Default

Not trying to poke fun but this reall happened thought it would lighten mood here..
BF said I was becoming a 'crazy dog lady' when I was pregnant & on here a lot with being on rest...I looking into getting psychiatric dog applications...just sayin' crazy+dog lady=Elvis being a psychiatric assistance dog....Scoobers can sense when Elvie is about to have seizure...he's Elvis' assistance dog. Anyways it didn't pan out for me....
__________________
Shan & 8 kids now!


concretegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 10:55 AM   #55
Owned by a Gremlin
Donating Member
 
Taryn0405's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: The Mitten State!
Posts: 3,706
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by concretegurl View Post
Not trying to poke fun but this reall happened thought it would lighten mood here..
BF said I was becoming a 'crazy dog lady' when I was pregnant & on here a lot with being on rest...I looking into getting psychiatric dog applications...just sayin' crazy+dog lady=Elvis being a psychiatric assistance dog....Scoobers can sense when Elvie is about to have seizure...he's Elvis' assistance dog. Anyways it didn't pan out for me....


This made my day actually

And to think I was the only crazy dog lady.

On that note. Trying to advoid any problems. There are alot of stores that dont allow dogs, and yet I drive down three miles to the same store, different location and they're fine with him.
Prime example, my husband works ay Best Buy and I bring Gizmo in all the time and they all love him. The general manager literally kidnapps Giz and walks him around and I've even helped with puppy training and trying out new food for his pup.

Now, when we go to the old Best Buy that my husband us to work for in Flint, I'm not allowed to go past the yellow shirt security dude.

It's all based on the general manager. When my family had our business we welcomed dogs as long as they behaved, and it was never a problem. If a customer came to me with a complaint, which is only once, I bascially told them that in this economy if I need to let a customer bring in their dog to get their service then I didn't have a problem.
__________________
Taryn Momma to Gizmo AKA Monkeyman
My husband, daughter, son, and dog make me who I am
"My goal in life is to be as good of a person my dog already thinks I am."
Taryn0405 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 03:02 PM   #56
YT Addict
 
Dolcesmama_xoxo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2011
Location: Tucson, AZ, USA
Posts: 474
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by My lil friend View Post
Dolcesmama, as the OP I did not think you were trying to find a loophole. You stated that you had a disability in your post. I thought the information was very interesting,for the reason that you stated in your post. That others may have a need.
I am glad that you found a way to go out in public and enjoy life.
Thank you
__________________
DOLCE & BENTLEY
LOVE my little MUNCHKINS
Dolcesmama_xoxo is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 06:23 PM   #57
Currently Suspended!
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Chicago
Posts: 198
Default

Boy, if my son could type...
babiegurl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-03-2011, 09:32 PM   #58
I Love My Yorkies
Donating Member
 
chachi's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2005
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
Posts: 37,147
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by babiegurl View Post
Boy, if my son could type...
Dont worry about it there are people on here who will justify doing whatever no matter how wrong it is so they can take their dog with them in places where they arent allowed
__________________
Chachi's & Jewels Mom
Jewels http://www.dogster.com/?132431
Chachi http://www.dogster.com/?132427
chachi is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-04-2011, 06:19 AM   #59
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
My lil friend's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: FtWorth,TX,USA
Posts: 3,269
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by chachi View Post
Dont worry about it there are people on here who will justify doing whatever no matter how wrong it is so they can take their dog with them in places where they arent allowed

If someone said they were interested in doing that,I must of missed it.
My lil friend is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 07-04-2011, 07:42 AM   #60
Owned by a Gremlin
Donating Member
 
Taryn0405's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: The Mitten State!
Posts: 3,706
Default

Yeah this is blowing way out of proportion...

The post went from being upset with Blockbuster due to the manager's lack of social and management skills to debating whether or not emotional needs for a dog is ethical in regards to bringing a dog into a store with them.

I love bringing my dog in stores with me, but if I'm asked to get out, I get out. I don't boycott the store necessarily,but Gizmo is ususally with me when I go somewhere so I won't be returning anytime soon. Woop-de-frickin-do.

I don't think anyone on this thread is finding a "loophole" with regards to service dogs. Do I think there are people out there that do take advantage of it? Absolutely! But sadly we do live in a world of liars and a-holes that have a tendency to ruin it for everyone else. Once again, woop-de-frickin-do.

The joy of posting on a public thread is there are many times you don't agree with what someone said. But, whatever that's the joy of an opinion. But geez talk about straying away from the original topic and blowing something way out of proportion.
__________________
Taryn Momma to Gizmo AKA Monkeyman
My husband, daughter, son, and dog make me who I am
"My goal in life is to be as good of a person my dog already thinks I am."
Taryn0405 is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks




Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 08:33 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168