YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar JavaChat Mark Forums Read

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 05-31-2013, 10:24 AM   #31
YT 2000 Club
Donating Member
 
gemy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Huntsville,Ont,Canaada
Posts: 12,335
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I know, even I have to look up what some things mean--canine diseases are new to me, too. ED = Elbow dysplasia and HD = Hip Dysplasia, both are joint diseases of dogs, but so far, genetic testing for them is in its infancy, so they are hard to eliminate from breeding stock. If you have any questions, just ask!

For gemy, I found the following link that might be of interest:

Bioiberica develops the first DNA test to determine genetic predisposition to hip dysplasia in dogs - News and events | Bioiberica

There's also another scholarly article that might be behind a pay firewall, but for what it's worth, here is the link:

Canine hip dysplasia is predictable... [Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI

Thank you I will read these links soon.
__________________
Razzle and Dara. Our clan. RIP Karma Dec 24th 2004-July 14 2013 RIP Zoey Jun9 th 2008-May 12 2012. RIP Magic,Mar 26 2006July 1st 2018
gemy is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 05-31-2013, 10:37 AM   #32
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
Thank you I will read these links soon.
Let me know if you can't access the second scholarly article. It's mainly about using DNA markers to predict hip dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds. They used between 100 and 200 genetic markers, and were able to predict hip dysplasia about 90% of the time. They examined a few other breeds as well, and it the markers didn't predict quite as well, but it was still useful, and they were hopeful that with more research, they would develop better testing. They said that this would be useful for screening breeding stock, and predicting development of hip dysplasia long before symptoms appear.
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 10:36 AM   #33
YT 2000 Club
Donating Member
 
gemy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Huntsville,Ont,Canaada
Posts: 12,335
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I know, even I have to look up what some things mean--canine diseases are new to me, too. ED = Elbow dysplasia and HD = Hip Dysplasia, both are joint diseases of dogs, but so far, genetic testing for them is in its infancy, so they are hard to eliminate from breeding stock. If you have any questions, just ask!

For gemy, I found the following link that might be of interest:

Bioiberica develops the first DNA test to determine genetic predisposition to hip dysplasia in dogs - News and events | Bioiberica

There's also another scholarly article that might be behind a pay firewall, but for what it's worth, here is the link:

Canine hip dysplasia is predictable... [Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI
I was able to access the article. I will print it out and examine it thoroughly

On a very brief run through of the scholarly article they appear to be looking at ~70% accuracy of predicting CHD in the dogs so tested. HOw-ever last paragraph or so, they seem to say this is good as "before" maturity you would be able to assess the risk of HD in a particular dog.

So the question really is how far before maturity? For large breed dogs, we do not breed before 2yrs old, as this is when we can get official offa clearance on the hips and elbows. To be really really usefull - at birth would be great, as puppy rearing is very important in creating the firm foundation so to speak. Even at six months- is not bad, because you can make a decision to not invest a lot of $$$ in the intense and expensive show training and competitions.

You are probably not aware of the PENNHIP program. This uses a different Xray position of the hips to evaluate and "FORECAST" hip dysplasia. AS early as six months old. This for obvious reasons if accurate enough is a great boon to breeders of all dogs. How-ever there are some serious concerns that cover the gamut of reported result success rate, the actual positioning of the hips during Xray causing growth harm to the hip socket through a variety of mechanisms.

Once again thank you so much.

Last time I checked it out, there was a wealth of information on PennHip along with some serious detractors of this methodology.

Your first link is much more interesting in that they at least recognize the extreme value of early predictors of HD and a whole life style approach to minimizing the severity of the disease.

But guess what? I'm not finding much research on that topic. I can link soon the one article I found; I might even have posted it on this website.
__________________
Razzle and Dara. Our clan. RIP Karma Dec 24th 2004-July 14 2013 RIP Zoey Jun9 th 2008-May 12 2012. RIP Magic,Mar 26 2006July 1st 2018
gemy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 10:49 AM   #34
YT 2000 Club
Donating Member
 
gemy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Huntsville,Ont,Canaada
Posts: 12,335
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Here is the link to the thread that contain some interesting articles on HD

http://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/bre...scussions.html
__________________
Razzle and Dara. Our clan. RIP Karma Dec 24th 2004-July 14 2013 RIP Zoey Jun9 th 2008-May 12 2012. RIP Magic,Mar 26 2006July 1st 2018
gemy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 10:54 AM   #35
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
I was able to access the article. I will print it out and examine it thoroughly

On a very brief run through of the scholarly article they appear to be looking at ~70% accuracy of predicting CHD in the dogs so tested. HOw-ever last paragraph or so, they seem to say this is good as "before" maturity you would be able to assess the risk of HD in a particular dog.

So the question really is how far before maturity? For large breed dogs, we do not breed before 2yrs old, as this is when we can get official offa clearance on the hips and elbows. To be really really usefull - at birth would be great, as puppy rearing is very important in creating the firm foundation so to speak. Even at six months- is not bad, because you can make a decision to not invest a lot of $$$ in the intense and expensive show training and competitions.
They literally mean that the DNA can be tested at birth (since DNA does not change as the dog grows), and they say they can predict with 70% accuracy whether a particular dog will develop hip dysplasia. That's a great advance, but keep in mind that they only did intensive research using two breeds of large dogs...
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:02 AM   #36
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
I was able to access the article. I will print it out and examine it thoroughly

On a very brief run through of the scholarly article they appear to be looking at ~70% accuracy of predicting CHD in the dogs so tested. HOw-ever last paragraph or so, they seem to say this is good as "before" maturity you would be able to assess the risk of HD in a particular dog.
I just tried from my home computer, and could only view the summary page. The actual article is several pages long and goes into greater depth (that's where I got the 90% figure), but on my home computer, it is hidden behind a pay firewall. If you can't read the full article, I can access it on Monday when I'm back at the University and email you a PDF copy. Let me know, and if you are interested, PM me your email address and I'll send you the article on Monday.
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:18 AM   #37
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
I just tried from my home computer, and could only view the summary page. The actual article is several pages long and goes into greater depth (that's where I got the 90% figure), but on my home computer, it is hidden behind a pay firewall. If you can't read the full article, I can access it on Monday when I'm back at the University and email you a PDF copy. Let me know, and if you are interested, PM me your email address and I'll send you the article on Monday.
Not sure exactly which article you meant, but if it's the "Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping" on the top right hand side of the page, there is a link to get a free copy where it says, "Free in PMC free full text archive." Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:26 AM   #38
YT 2000 Club
Donating Member
 
gemy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Huntsville,Ont,Canaada
Posts: 12,335
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Not sure exactly which article you meant, but if it's the "Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping" on the top right hand side of the page, there is a link to get a free copy where it says, "Free in PMC free full text archive." Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping
Nancy that link you sent above appears much more fulsome than pstinard's link. Sorry to sound so dumb, but is that the full article you linked me to?

And if so you are a Godsend and thank you.
__________________
Razzle and Dara. Our clan. RIP Karma Dec 24th 2004-July 14 2013 RIP Zoey Jun9 th 2008-May 12 2012. RIP Magic,Mar 26 2006July 1st 2018
gemy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:41 AM   #39
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
Nancy that link you sent above appears much more fulsome than pstinard's link. Sorry to sound so dumb, but is that the full article you linked me to?

And if so you are a Godsend and thank you.
Yes, Pstinard sent you the abstract, and on that page, in the top right hand corner you can get the full article. It gives you two choices "ELSEVIER full text ariticle or "Free in PMC full text archive". Sometimes, ELSEVIER doesn't work and wants you to pay. All scientific articles have abstracts and it briefly tells you what they were trying to do in the study and very briefly their conclusions. Unfortunately, this is all some scientific writers read when they do a report on an experiment and as you can see the abstract doesn't always give the full picture. The abstract is used by those doing research to find other research that might be applicable to their own research. Also, they give references for other studies.
__________________

Last edited by Nancy1999; 06-01-2013 at 11:43 AM.
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:42 AM   #40
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Not sure exactly which article you meant, but if it's the "Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping" on the top right hand side of the page, there is a link to get a free copy where it says, "Free in PMC free full text archive." Canine Hip Dysplasia is Predictable by Genotyping
Yes, that's the complete article! And the DNA test was indeed ~70% predictive of hip dysplasia.
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:43 AM   #41
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
Yes, Pstinard sent you the abstract, and on that page, in the top right hand corner you can get the full article. It gives you two choices "ELSEVIER full text ariticle or "Free in PMC full text archive". Sometimes, ELSEVIER doesn't work and wants you to pay. All scientific articles have abstracts and it briefly tells you what they were trying to do in the study and very briefly their conclusions. Unfortunately, this is all some scientific writers read when they do a report on an experiment and as you can see the abstract doesn't always give the full picture. The abstract is used by those doing research to find other research that might be applicable to their own research.
I'm so used to following the Elsevier full text article link that that's what I did. They usually don't have the free article link, so we lucked out! Thanks for the heads up, Nancy!
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:45 AM   #42
YT 3000 Club Member
 
pstinard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Urbana, IL USA
Posts: 3,648
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
Nancy that link you sent above appears much more fulsome than pstinard's link. Sorry to sound so dumb, but is that the full article you linked me to?

And if so you are a Godsend and thank you.
Yes, that is the full article that Nancy linked to, and she is indeed a Godsend. Thanks again, Nancy!
pstinard is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 11:50 AM   #43
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by pstinard View Post
Yes, that is the full article that Nancy linked to, and she is indeed a Godsend. Thanks again, Nancy!
Ha ha, you guys are too nice! Glad to help, I love getting free stuff!
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 12:09 PM   #44
YT 2000 Club
Donating Member
 
gemy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Huntsville,Ont,Canaada
Posts: 12,335
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Nancy you have always been so nice with your help. Gawd I didn't think I was that much older than you, but you always are able to wade through this internet stuff, and get the gold kernels.

I feel the need to express myself why this is so important to all breeds, but particularly to large breed dogs, if indeedy we are close to a genetic relatively accurate indicator of HD.

If you have ever seen a large breed puppy - 7 months old start to limp, then 9mths old, then with severe HD, finally the owner goes to the vet. Severe HD is literally a death sentence for these 90lb or so dogs. FHO surgery is usually not successful; and oh my the PAIN these dogs are in over their very short life. Before they are euthanized! And yes there are some experimental things that can be done; which are very very expensive to do, with some small chance of success.

If there are ways to accurately pre-screen breeding stock, if there are ways to safeguard through puppy rearing the seriousness of this disease; I would move heaven n earth to get that done.

I flash to this very morning, driving to work, a woman and what looked like a Bernier, crossing the light in front of me. He had double hip dysplasia as far as I could see, plus he had an operation on his right rear knee. He was in such obvious pain! He could not have been more than 18 months old (my guess). That woman crossed the street with him, he gamely followed, she bent down and stroked him, kissed his head, and you could see the pain in her face from 20 feet away. I about died inside to see this, young dog, with an owner obvious willing to nuture and support this young dog. Why he had knee surgery, not too sure, maybe as a stopgap to keep this beloved dog longer with her. FHO is not so successful with the large breed dogs, and maybe he had knee problems as well that was easier to treat.

This should not be!@!@ I see it way way too often here on the streets of Toronto. I hear of it on my list for BRT the ultimate heartbreak of the owner with a dog with severe HD. I want to eradicate this crippling disease!!!
__________________
Razzle and Dara. Our clan. RIP Karma Dec 24th 2004-July 14 2013 RIP Zoey Jun9 th 2008-May 12 2012. RIP Magic,Mar 26 2006July 1st 2018
gemy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-01-2013, 12:31 PM   #45
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gemy View Post
Nancy you have always been so nice with your help. Gawd I didn't think I was that much older than you, but you always are able to wade through this internet stuff, and get the gold kernels.

I feel the need to express myself why this is so important to all breeds, but particularly to large breed dogs, if indeedy we are close to a genetic relatively accurate indicator of HD.

If you have ever seen a large breed puppy - 7 months old start to limp, then 9mths old, then with severe HD, finally the owner goes to the vet. Severe HD is literally a death sentence for these 90lb or so dogs. FHO surgery is usually not successful; and oh my the PAIN these dogs are in over their very short life. Before they are euthanized! And yes there are some experimental things that can be done; which are very very expensive to do, with some small chance of success.

If there are ways to accurately pre-screen breeding stock, if there are ways to safeguard through puppy rearing the seriousness of this disease; I would move heaven n earth to get that done.

I flash to this very morning, driving to work, a woman and what looked like a Bernier, crossing the light in front of me. He had double hip dysplasia as far as I could see, plus he had an operation on his right rear knee. He was in such obvious pain! He could not have been more than 18 months old (my guess). That woman crossed the street with him, he gamely followed, she bent down and stroked him, kissed his head, and you could see the pain in her face from 20 feet away. I about died inside to see this, young dog, with an owner obvious willing to nuture and support this young dog. Why he had knee surgery, not too sure, maybe as a stopgap to keep this beloved dog longer with her. FHO is not so successful with the large breed dogs, and maybe he had knee problems as well that was easier to treat.

This should not be!@!@ I see it way way too often here on the streets of Toronto. I hear of it on my list for BRT the ultimate heartbreak of the owner with a dog with severe HD. I want to eradicate this crippling disease!!!
I'm pretty sure I'm older than you, at least according to our pictures! Truthfully, I didn't know a thing about computers until I found YT, there was a reason to learn this stuff!

Gail, I'm so happy that there are breeders and educators like you. I've had a very poor view of breed clubs and how little they protected their breeds. I was happy to learn that the YTCA wasn't one of the clubs that were purposely breeding a dog whose standard was actually damaging the breed. In the past, so many breeders have turned a blind eye to these types of problems and the poor dogs have had to suffer. I can understand why a breeder wouldn't want to take a beautiful dog out of her breeding program because of a health problem, but this is such an important thing even more important than looks and temperment, and I know you've been faced with that choice and did the right thing. I'm looking forward to a time when genetics can tell us even before we show our dogs whether they have these severe problems and whether the problems can be inherited. We have the opportunity to, in the future, breed only really healthy animals, with the best chance at a healthy life. I think healthy animals are more likely in natural selection, because only the fit survive and reproduce, but with this new information, we can do better than nature. Anyway, I appreciate all you are doing to help with this and to educate others. It takes someone like you with a sincere heartfelt desire to help these dogs, and I know people will listen to you.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks



Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 02:30 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167