YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar JavaChat Mark Forums Read

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 03-01-2009, 10:04 AM   #76
Donating YT Addict
 
Karrie's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Missouri
Posts: 903
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by megansmomma View Post
The author is a shelter worker~she is speaking from her heart and with passion. It is not offensive IMO it is heartfelt. She is pouring her heart out because of what she has seen in shelters due to people irresponsible behavior. I am sorry but if you feel the author was long winded, IMO it seemed to be out of frustration and more of a vent and rant.

I have to ask? Do you volunteer for a shelter, rescue or with animals in need? When was the last time you visited a shelter to see or help with all of the dogs, cats and other animals housed there? Have you ever picked up a dog that was so sick you didn't know if he would make it through the night? Do you own a rescue or volunteer to be a foster home? What action or responsibility are you personally taking to make a difference in the treatment of animals?

I posted the original letter to try to enlighten YT member of how a shelter worker feels. Even if just one person now understand the magnitude of breeding their PET my point has been made. If it has offended you then so be it there is nothing more that can be said to change your opinion.
My opinion IS about the article and how the situation was approached by the author. Lets not get personal!! Don't think for a second, that I have a less-than-compassionate disposition about neglected animals. I said nothing of the sort.

Her message about all BYBers was inappropiate.
__________________
This is Bailey's world and we just live in it!
Karrie is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 03-01-2009, 10:12 AM   #77
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,490
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Karrie View Post
If the author wants to promote responsible breeding - then she could have done so in 5 lines or less as she did in her closing statements. Instead she raised the issue of euthanized dogs in our society and then blamed it on BYBers. She made generalized and harmful statements against a diverse group of people.

That is why the article is so offensive.

I honestly do not think one can sum up what the author was trying to impart into 5 lines or less.
I also do not see where she made any harmful statements. She made some very good points.
Her article is focusing on the part that backyard breeders play in the problem. I don't see her saying that they are the only problem.
Bottom line: there are far more people breeding dogs in this world than need be.
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 10:20 AM   #78
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Karrie View Post
My opinion IS about the article and how the situation was approached by the author. Lets not get personal!! Don't think for a second, that I have a less-than-compassionate disposition about neglected animals. I said nothing of the sort.

Her message about all BYBers was inappropiate.
I think leaving out the fact that millions of dogs are dying each year, would be negligent. This is the reason; many of us are upset about the abundance of breeding. I know I would not be near as passionate about the cause, if I thought every puppy born was going to a good home. Then I would only be concerned about the fact that poor breeding results in sickly dogs, that cause much pain and suffering to them, as well as their owners. I'm confused why anyone would feel the need to defend backyard breeders? Just because you are not a show breeder, it doesn't mean you are a backyard breeder. If a person feels that the description of backyard breeder fits them too closely, perhaps they need to take a look at their breeding program. I believe that unless you are truly trying to improve the breed, you should not be breeding, we already have an abundance of dogs.
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 10:28 AM   #79
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,490
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post
I think leaving out the fact that millions of dogs are dying each year, would be negligent. This is the reason; many of us are upset about the abundance of breeding. I know I would not be near as passionate about the cause, if I thought every puppy born was going to a good home. Then I would only be concerned about the fact that poor breeding results in sickly dogs, that cause much pain and suffering to them, as well as their owners. I'm confused why anyone would feel the need to defend backyard breeders? Just because you are not a show breeder, it doesn't mean you are a backyard breeder. If a person feels that the description of backyard breeder fits them too closely, perhaps they need to take a look at their breeding program. I believe that unless you are truly trying to improve the breed, you should not be breeding, we already have an abundance of dogs.
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 11:24 AM   #80
Donating Member
 
Woogie Man's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Mississippi
Posts: 2,564
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Nancy1999 View Post

The"pet of the day" you mention, is usually a dog that will be hard to place, not one that will be easy to place. You can place any dog, if it's given enough publicity, and people will stand in line for this. Remember that local shelters do have outlets for many purebred dogs, because many go to breed specific rescues, and these rescues are notified immediately after the dog have gone through the waiting period where the owner is trying to be located. I think articles such as this are important because they inform us that millions of dogs are needlessly dying, and while puppymills/petstores are a problem they are not indeed the biggest problem. Backyard breeders produce way more dogs than puppy mills, and I don't think most people realize this.

For me, the biggest problem is unneutered pets, who are allowed to roam freely. We had a thread on legislation California was attempting to pass, and pets that were picked up three times would be required to be neutered. Most YT members were against this, and I was shocked by that fact, I believe responsible breeders don't allow their pets to "roam freely."

I think the biggest point you are overlooking, is that many new time Yorkie owners ponder the thought of breeding. Most people have no idea what breeding entails.
Nancy, I don't think you can say what is true about shelters in my area. As ladyjane pointed out after my post, her area's shelters are full of pure bred dogs while in my area this just isn't the case so there are regional differences. I know there are breed specific rescues and I mentioned them. They are not, as best as I can tell, counted in with 'shelter dogs'. I do visit my local shelter regularly with donations and the pure breds just aren't there. When I do hear of pure breds being in a shelter, it's the result of a puppy mill bust. It is the mills that are heaping cruelties on dogs on a huge scale. You and the article's author state that BYBs are the bigger problem but, since it's hard to even get a good total count of shelter dogs, I don't see how anyone can comfortably say who is the bigger problem. Again, in my area, the shelter is full of mixed breeds which would indicate it's the irresponsible owner rather than mills or BYBs causing the shelter problem, at least here. I do agree with you about unneutered pets and made a point about them in my post. I really don't think I'm overlooking any big points. The article was not breed specific so why should I extrapolate it over to the Yorkie? I'm sure everyone here is a true animal lover so no one really disagrees about animal welfare but only offers different points of view. Shelter and rescue workers/volunteers are saints IMO and deserve all our thanks. I have rescued dogs and cats from abusive/neglectful owners so I know just what it can be like to see the inhumanity of what some people can do. Given all that, I still feel the same about the article as I posted earlier. One thing I would like to add is that we need a national database to compile accurate figures on just what is coming into shelters. There's no way to solve any problem if you can't get a handle on it. As it is now, anyone can say anything about what is the biggest problem and have just as good a chance of being wrong as of being right. With so much legislation being drawn up on this issue, it is critical to at least have good accurate information on what the problem really is. I hope you will see that, while I don't accept the article at face value, I certainly don't promote irresponsible pet ownership and/or breeding. As for people here on YorkieTalk contemplating breeding, I would say that breeding any dog without doing your research is irresponsible and, in the case of toy breeds, is downright dangerous.
Woogie Man is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 11:50 AM   #81
I ♥ Joey & Ralphie!
Donating Member
 
Nancy1999's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Arizona
Posts: 25,396
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Woogie Man View Post
Nancy, I don't think you can say what is true about shelters in my area. As ladyjane pointed out after my post, her area's shelters are full of pure bred dogs while in my area this just isn't the case so there are regional differences. I know there are breed specific rescues and I mentioned them. They are not, as best as I can tell, counted in with 'shelter dogs'. I do visit my local shelter regularly with donations and the pure breds just aren't there. When I do hear of pure breds being in a shelter, it's the result of a puppy mill bust. It is the mills that are heaping cruelties on dogs on a huge scale. You and the article's author state that BYBs are the bigger problem but, since it's hard to even get a good total count of shelter dogs, I don't see how anyone can comfortably say who is the bigger problem. Again, in my area, the shelter is full of mixed breeds which would indicate it's the irresponsible owner rather than mills or BYBs causing the shelter problem, at least here. I do agree with you about unneutered pets and made a point about them in my post. I really don't think I'm overlooking any big points. The article was not breed specific so why should I extrapolate it over to the Yorkie? I'm sure everyone here is a true animal lover so no one really disagrees about animal welfare but only offers different points of view. Shelter and rescue workers/volunteers are saints IMO and deserve all our thanks. I have rescued dogs and cats from abusive/neglectful owners so I know just what it can be like to see the inhumanity of what some people can do. Given all that, I still feel the same about the article as I posted earlier. One thing I would like to add is that we need a national database to compile accurate figures on just what is coming into shelters. There's no way to solve any problem if you can't get a handle on it. As it is now, anyone can say anything about what is the biggest problem and have just as good a chance of being wrong as of being right. With so much legislation being drawn up on this issue, it is critical to at least have good accurate information on what the problem really is. I hope you will see that, while I don't accept the article at face value, I certainly don't promote irresponsible pet ownership and/or breeding. As for people here on YorkieTalk contemplating breeding, I would say that breeding any dog without doing your research is irresponsible and, in the case of toy breeds, is downright dangerous.
Didn't mean to imply I knew what was going on shelters in all or even most locations. I had read an article about the "pet of the week" feature and it said how they selected the dogs to feature. I have read figures, on dogs produced by puppy millers vs. dogs produced by other breeders, and as I recall puppy millers were a drop in the bucket, compared to byb, and I was surprised by this. Don't have the figures now, and maybe someone can find the source, but I do believe that HSUS has mentioned this before, and also have stated that they never received a dog from a good breeder. This was on the Oprah show. Here's a link to HSUS estimates of dogs entering shelters, with the number of purebreds being 25%. HSUS Pet Overpopulation Estimates | The Humane Society of the United States
__________________
Nancy1999 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 12:44 PM   #82
Donating Member
 
Woogie Man's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Mississippi
Posts: 2,564
Default

I checked the link you posted and it says estimates are 6-8 million cats and dogs enter shelters every year with 3-4 million being euthanized. This is a lower number than the article the OP posted indicates and also lower than the estimates I've seen. In all cases, though, these are estimates and no one seems to have a really accurate number. No matter whose numbers you use, it's way too many but the range of estimates does underscore the need for a database. Also, in any estimate, cats outnumber dogs and the link you posted lumps them together to get the number they use. The estimate of 25% being pure bred is about dogs but every other number is about dogs and cats. I'm wondering if these estimates are about shelters only or if they include rescues. I know neither one of us is trying to be argumentative and we would all like to see something done about this. I'd just like to see a more accurate compilation of data before legislative solutions are offered since that seems to be the direction being taken lately. Pet over-population wouldn't be such a problem if people had more of a sense of responsibility but that seems to be sorely lacking in society these days. It's really a shame.
Woogie Man is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 01:32 PM   #83
Resident Yorkie Nut Donating YT 20K Club Member
 
ladyjane's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Texas
Posts: 27,490
Default

These two links seem to support what Nancy is saying about the numbers. They both indicate that the larger number of pure bred dogs come from backyard breeders.

Puppy Mills and Backyard Breeders vs Responsible Breeders - VeterinaryPartner.com - a VIN company!

Backyard Breeders & Puppy Mills : Tovik Siberians

The one mentions that the AKC stated that years ago, but I cannot find those stats. Will keep looking.
Actually, it makes sense to me. We all see puppy mills as being a problem because of the overwhelming amount at each facility. We do not see those amounts in individual homes, but the numbers of individuals breeding probably are astronomical.
ladyjane is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 02:02 PM   #84
megan - g
Donating Member
 
hartygirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2007
Location: South Texas
Posts: 2,324
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by ladyjane View Post
These two links seem to support what Nancy is saying about the numbers. They both indicate that the larger number of pure bred dogs come from backyard breeders.

Puppy Mills and Backyard Breeders vs Responsible Breeders - VeterinaryPartner.com - a VIN company!

Backyard Breeders & Puppy Mills : Tovik Siberians

The one mentions that the AKC stated that years ago, but I cannot find those stats. Will keep looking.
Actually, it makes sense to me. We all see puppy mills as being a problem because of the overwhelming amount at each facility. We do not see those amounts in individual homes, but the numbers of individuals breeding probably are astronomical.
__________________

hartygirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 02:15 PM   #85
Princess Poop A Lot
Donating Member
 
livingdustmops's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: Colorado
Posts: 6,728
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Woogie Man View Post
I checked the link you posted and it says estimates are 6-8 million cats and dogs enter shelters every year with 3-4 million being euthanized. This is a lower number than the article the OP posted indicates and also lower than the estimates I've seen. In all cases, though, these are estimates and no one seems to have a really accurate number. No matter whose numbers you use, it's way too many but the range of estimates does underscore the need for a database. Also, in any estimate, cats outnumber dogs and the link you posted lumps them together to get the number they use. The estimate of 25% being pure bred is about dogs but every other number is about dogs and cats. I'm wondering if these estimates are about shelters only or if they include rescues. I know neither one of us is trying to be argumentative and we would all like to see something done about this. I'd just like to see a more accurate compilation of data before legislative solutions are offered since that seems to be the direction being taken lately. Pet over-population wouldn't be such a problem if people had more of a sense of responsibility but that seems to be sorely lacking in society these days. It's really a shame.
You will never get the full numbers as only government owned/tax payer based animal protection organizations are required to report their euthanization numbers. This does not include rescue organizations etc. I believe the last study was done in 1999 (I could be wrong on the date) but it was only a guesstimate at over 5 million animals and was growing and that 25% were purebreds.

If you want more accurate compilation of data then you have to be ready to pay hugh amounts of $$$ or pass laws to incorporate all organizations to get to these numbers...it will never happen. Animals are just property and frankly few people really give a darn.

Pet over-population starts with the breeders/owners as they are the ones putting together a male and a female dog or not fixing their dogs. End of story. It also starts with "volume breeders" which AKC endorses some of them.
__________________
Cindy & The Rescued Gang
Puppies Are Not Products!
livingdustmops is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 02:17 PM   #86
megan - g
Donating Member
 
hartygirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2007
Location: South Texas
Posts: 2,324
Default

I would LOVE to only be able to buy my yorkie from a LISCENCED breeder, that has to account for EVERY aspect of breeding since they are taking (not making) money for a service.

A business has to be held accountable, payroll taxes, licences, benefits, and what not, why not a breeder!? This is not a product that is being debated, this is a live animal. How in the world can laws protecting LIFE not be celebrated by breeders everywhere?

If it becomes hard for me to buy a yorkie someday because laws got tough on people I will be thrilled! It is too easy to just pick up the local paper and buy a pure breed dog at the drop of a hat. I am so sorry to all the "hobby breeders" out there that don't classify themselves as BYB's. I hope you can find a new hobby. If you don't breed your dogs to standard than you don't even come close to understanding those who do and should not be placed in the same category.

If rescues and animal shelters become extinct in my life time it would be just about the most amazing thing that could ever happen. If it takes legislation getting tough on EVERYONE then so be it! If you don't have the resources and time to jump throughout the hoops that future breeders will have to than stop breeding!
__________________

hartygirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 02:20 PM   #87
Donating Member
 
Woogie Man's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Mississippi
Posts: 2,564
Default

The links you posted don't speak to the number of dogs entering shelters and/or being euthanized. The HSUS link that Nancy posted shows that 25% of dogs in shelters are pure bred. This means that 75% of dogs in shelters are not pure bred. I know that in my local shelter the kill rate is about 40+% for dogs and much higher for cats. If that is a typical ratio, you could take that to mean that, if the number of shelter dogs could be halved, then you are left with not an ideal situation but at least a manageable problem. So, if only 25% of dogs in shelters are pure bred, how can they be the biggest source of the problem whether they come from mills, BYBs or even reputable breeders? It seems to me that the numbers point to mixed breeds being the biggest problem and that goes directly back to irresponsible pet owners, not breeders of any stripe. Again, I'm not being argumentative, only trying to make some sense of these statistics. Bringing up puppy mills and BYBs is fine when talking about breeder ethics, but the numbers suggest they are much less of a problem in terms of pet over-population than careless and irresponsible pet owners are.
Woogie Man is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 02:49 PM   #88
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
yorkiepuppie's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2008
Location: San Jose, CA, USA
Posts: 2,883
Default

excuse me, but i don't see the point in having to prove the numbers blah blah blah... i don't care about the exact number of unwanted dogs that is contributed by BYBers. even contributing just one more dog and selling it to irresponsible owners like themselves is one too many.

i was going to do some research to find out how big of a problem BYBers are, but decided that that's not even really the point. i think it's self-evident that BYBers are contributing to the problem.

for the people that are arguing against BYBers being part of the problem, where are you coming from. what is your logic?

puppy mills have received a lot of bad press, but there are a lot of backyard breeders that run similarly to puppy mills. i mean, don't they both have the same goal? produce dogs for money. and no education on what they are doing but just carelessly breeding?

i do not understand why people are arguing for BYBers? please point out your logic. because you are not making any sense.

earlier in my other post i pointed out that if you are worried that it will become exclusive and only selected few will be able to breed, then do all that is necessary to breed, then you will not be called a byber.

plus, with the kind of over populating problems we DO have with pets, you know what, yea, probably only selected few should be breeding. it might just be a great idea that it IS more discrimitory on who should be breeding dogs.
__________________
www.yenspiration.com i love milu
yorkiepuppie is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 03:01 PM   #89
Donating YT Addict
 
Karrie's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Missouri
Posts: 903
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Woogie Man View Post
The links you posted don't speak to the number of dogs entering shelters and/or being euthanized. The HSUS link that Nancy posted shows that 25% of dogs in shelters are pure bred. This means that 75% of dogs in shelters are not pure bred. I know that in my local shelter the kill rate is about 40+% for dogs and much higher for cats. If that is a typical ratio, you could take that to mean that, if the number of shelter dogs could be halved, then you are left with not an ideal situation but at least a manageable problem. So, if only 25% of dogs in shelters are pure bred, how can they be the biggest source of the problem whether they come from mills, BYBs or even reputable breeders? It seems to me that the numbers point to mixed breeds being the biggest problem and that goes directly back to irresponsible pet owners, not breeders of any stripe. Again, I'm not being argumentative, only trying to make some sense of these statistics. Bringing up puppy mills and BYBs is fine when talking about breeder ethics, but the numbers suggest they are much less of a problem in terms of pet over-population than careless and irresponsible pet owners are.
Well said, WoogieMan.

I realize this is a very sensitive issue - and that is why I don't respond to these types of posts. For the record, I don't disagree with the author's overall goal in bringing awareness to the issue that average people ought not breed their pets. In fact, I have discouraged several of my friends from doing just that (friends who have wanted to recover their purchase costs). I just disagree with how the author made her point.

As Woogie Man said, I don't mean to be agrumentative - I believe we are all on the same page when it comes to animal suffering.
__________________
This is Bailey's world and we just live in it!
Karrie is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2009, 03:03 PM   #90
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
yorkiepuppie's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2008
Location: San Jose, CA, USA
Posts: 2,883
Default Do you want a Barber operating your open heart surgery?

once upon a time, barbers can be doctors, because there are no laws to say that they couldn't. no laws to say that you must have gone through the education and training before you can perform surgeries.

so since barbers have sharp knives and scissors, they also performed surgeries on people.

once upon a time, anyone could build a bridge if they had the money. they do not need to have gone to engineering school, have the education or training, they can just simply build a bridge.

how would you feel about that if that was still true today?

BYBers do not have the education, training, or qualification to breed dogs. if they did, they would not be called a back yard breeder.

don't let your selfish wants allow you to support what is NOT RIGHT!

backyard breeder are basically barber-surgeons. it's kind of barbaric if you think about it.
__________________
www.yenspiration.com i love milu
yorkiepuppie is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks



Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 11:04 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168