YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community

YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/index.php)
-   General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/general-yorkshire-terrier-discussion/)
-   -   Do you approve of different colored yorkies? (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/general-yorkshire-terrier-discussion/131368-do-you-approve-different-colored-yorkies.html)

BamaFan121s 08-20-2008 02:18 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mscat (Post 2193345)
A Biewer is a specific breed of dog... It is not called a Biewer Yorkie.

Well actually, the 'extended' name is the Biewer Yorkshire Terrier a la Pom Pon. (But that's kind of a mouthful, isn't it?)
Depending on who you ask now it's been shortened, change a bit and they are refered to as either Biewer Terriers, or Biewer Yorkshire Terriers.

nudiva37 08-20-2008 02:23 PM

No mam...not you
 
:D
Quote:

Originally Posted by Pinehaven (Post 2192292)
Gosh, I hope it wasn't me that sounded disrespectful ... I always try to be as level headed, professional and respectful as possible. :confused: :eek:

:thumbup: I love learning from your post and site...please keep up the good work.

Pinehaven 08-20-2008 03:00 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2193188)
This is a breed registry, but the breed standard has color restrictions. Most breed standards do. So, basically what you are saying is that it is ok to breed a blue and tan Biewer and show it and its ok to breed a non-masked Rott and show it and it would be ok to breed and show a black brindle Labrador also. These are all known colors that have been known to crop up in these breeds and the blue and tan is directly related to the Biewer and is in the gene pool. Do you think that the parent club of these breeds are just going to change the standard for the people that want to breed outside the standard? Why cant I show a blue and tan Biewer? Because the Biewer standard says I cant. Any ETHICAL Biewer breeder does not breed dogs that are not to the written standard. Same as all the other breeds, including the Yorkie. Why do you think its ok to breed outside the Yorkie standard? Thats what I dont understand.


I can't comment on the Biewer questions since there are a number of Biewer registries with different rules and I don't know if any allow Biewer (parti gene) carriers to show in classes.

Again, standards for many breeds were written years ago prior to the scientific knowledge and DNA testing that we have today. If you review the YTCA's website, it states that:

"One of the reasons for avoiding breeding "off-colored" Yorkies is because it could be a genetic defect that may affect the dog's health. Some health problems can include, but aren't limited to, severe skin problems, allergies, total hair loss and in some cases long-term illness and/or death."

With the exception of the blue born yorkies, we know that the above statement is false. The other off colored yorkies are no more prone to health or illness problems, than the standard yorkies are. So that reason, for not breeding off colors, is a poor reason. This sounds like something people in the early 1900's would have thought because they knew no better; back in those days, that's what they were told, that off colors were genetically damaged, weak and unhealthy.

An ETCHIAL breeder (as you stated) does not breed dogs that are not to the written standard" but unfortunately, many YTCA members have been breeding outside the standard for years and will probably continue to do so in the future. Red leg, black and tan and yorkies with dark golden points have been used and will most likely continue to be used, in breeding programs to enhance the color of their show stock. So why is it ok to breed, raise and sell some off colored yorkies but it's not ok to breed, raise and sell other off colored stock? That's what I don't understand?

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:12 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by BamaFan121s (Post 2191929)
:confused: Ok, I'm a bit confused by your post? How is a color gene determining color a 'disease?' I don't think anyone (ethical) would condone breeding any two dogs that carry shunt or ct...?
Maybe I am just misunderstanding your post...:)

Thank you. In addition to what you wrote, i ave not heard of any health issues that are related to the parti colored yorkies specifically.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:17 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2192116)
What I am saying is that: if the Biewer inventors bought their original stock from the Streamglen kennel, why is it that the Streamglen kennel never produced any parti colors? I am sure that the Biewer inventors didnt buy the only parti carriers that Streamglen had. Why is it that nobody else that bought Streamglen dogs produce parti colors?
And the chocolate dog I saw at the show was a registered Biewer from Germany. Not a Biro.

Perhaps there were parti coloreds produced, but they kept it hushed like yorkie breeders have been doing for years.

From what I read on the standards set by the Biewer club of America, the chocolate coloring would not have been allowed. but I am not familiar with any of that, I'm just going by what i read on the Biewer club website.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:19 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2192139)
Does that mean a small white spot on a black Labradors chest means he is a parti carrier? It means diddly squat. There are alot of breeds that have a small white spot on the chest. Including Skyes. HMM, must have come from a parti carrier in the past. And I will tell you that there has never been a parti Skye. The parent club makes sure that they do not fall into the hands of byb's and those who want to tweek the standard.

Actually, this subject has gotten very worn out and has solved nothing. As I have said before, you will never change my mind and I will never change yours. You evidentally do not respect or breed to the YTCA standard so I doubt very much if I will ever see "off colors" in the show ring, or at least not with the Yorkies. I think that will suit everybody just fine.


Never say Never.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:27 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pinehaven (Post 2192243)
While I do believe that breeding for breed type, conformation, temperament and health are a goal that all should strive for, this is a breed registry and not coat color registry. Many breed registries have multiple coat colors and color combinations in their breeds. Coat color doesn't make their breed any less true to the physical and structural standard just because the dogs are not all the exact same color.

While I applaud those who have extensively researched the early history of the Yorkshire Terrier, much of what their conclusions are based on, are their own opinions and theories because there was little information on the unregistered, non pedigreed founding dogs who were used to begin this breed. Some theories are that the Maltese was used in the breed, others feel they were not. I think what is correct in both thoughts is that terrier type dogs were used to begin this breed. I don't think that anyone can guarantee, that they know what visible or hidden genes were in those terrier type dogs because pedigrees on most were not kept.

The standards were written over 100 years ago, back in the days when an off colored pup in the litter, would be drowned because they were thought to be inferior and unhealthy. We know today, this type of thinking is obsolete and very incorrect; these colors should have a rightful place in the breed, we may not see them in the show ring any time soon but maybe one day we will.


:thumbup::thumbup::thumbup:

I could not have said it better myself. In addition, the standards have been changed in the past and no doubt will be changed again. You can bet if the parti color becomes popular enough, the standard will be changed. And "yorkiekist" perhaps that is what you are afraid of and that is why you are so adement that these colors not be bred.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:29 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by nudiva37 (Post 2192267)
:animal36:fallen:

While at admire the strenght and the education I am getting here. I uphold all of your comments and the education as mentors and idealist. I am however kind of sad to try to learn and read some things that kriss cross kind of disrespectful... I admired the person who debates and takes the high road.
I am amazed since being a member the wealth of knowledge you guys have bestowed on me.... I read more...I talk to my vet more. I look and observe my stock more and I reasearch more. I would ask that you brillant breeders please continue to teach the underdogs like myself to be able to debate with respect.... No matter how different our opinions we are all ONE>..
DOG LOVERS at the end of the day no matter the standard.... I would be the first to spend all I own to change thier world so that all breeds could have a better life.... just my two cents... trying to follow the thread...but as I read I get disappointed at the people I look up to... hopefully you guys understand what I am trying to say without getting pissed off at me...:eek:


I think we can all agree on that.

Pinehaven 08-20-2008 03:33 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by nudiva37 (Post 2193394)
:D

:thumbup: I love learning from your post and site...please keep up the good work.

Thank you Nudiva37!!! :)

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:34 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2193188)
Do you think that the parent club of these breeds are just going to change the standard for the people that want to breed outside the standard? Why cant I show a blue and tan Biewer? Because the Biewer standard says I cant. Any ETHICAL Biewer breeder does not breed dogs that are not to the written standard. Same as all the other breeds, including the Yorkie. Why do you think its ok to breed outside the Yorkie standard? Thats what I dont understand.


That is how all new breeds get started is from people who are brave enough to face this type of opposition and breed outside the standard.

And yes parent club change their standards all the time to what ever is popular with the dog lovers.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:40 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Yorkshire Allen (Post 2193196)
Inferring that someone's breeding ethics aren't good because of color breeding...to me it sounds like an attack, passionate or not.


thank you for your kind hearted support. This is mild compared to some of the discussions on this subject. We parti lover have gotten quite tough but I doubt that it is any different than any other group has gone through when attempting to make changes to the standard.

I personally don't even care if they change the standard. just allow us to breed these beautiful dogs so they can earn their place just as the Biewers have.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:42 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2193216)
Have you ever read any of the by-laws and code of ethics of the parent clubs of any breeds? An ethical breeder is one that breeds to the standard of what ever breed they are breeding.

The wording might deem us to be unethical, but i cannot see how it is considered to be so as long as our first concern is the health and temperament of the offspring.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 03:45 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2193242)
sorry, the door bell rang. Anyway, I am not saying JeanieK or Pinehaven or any other off standard breeder are "bad" people. I am sure that they are all nice and probably fun to be around. Most "dog" people are!! We just dont agree on breeding practices. No one is attacking anyone. sorry you are perceiving it like that. If you stay around the dog world long enough, you will develope thick skin.LOL

Awwwwwwwww that was so nicely put. I'm guessing that you are very nice too. :)

mscat 08-20-2008 04:02 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by BamaFan121s (Post 2193387)
Well actually, the 'extended' name is the Biewer Yorkshire Terrier a la Pom Pon. (But that's kind of a mouthful, isn't it?)
Depending on who you ask now it's been shortened, change a bit and they are refered to as either Biewer Terriers, or Biewer Yorkshire Terriers.

Very interesting.... Thank you . :aimeeyork

JeanieK 08-20-2008 04:39 PM

I appologize for so many posts in a row, it;'s just taking me a while to get caught up.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 04:43 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mscat (Post 2193345)
Here is my opinion... A Yorkie that is not the right colors , to me, should not be considered a Pure bred Yorkie.... A parti colored Yorkie? To me that is a mixed breed, not A pure bred.
A Biewer is a specific breed of dog... It is not called a Biewer Yorkie. I have a hard time accepting off colored Yorkie's true to the breed because they are technically not.
As much as they are beautiful , I feel like they are of a mix breed. .. I am sorry, I do not want to offend anybody.
As for the Black and Tan Yorkie, I understood that a young puppy, ar a dog less the a few years old could still have these colors. When they mature their true adult colors appear. I have not seen an adult dog retain a black and tan coat the rest of it's life... I probably am mistaken though. :aimeeyork

A mixed breed? Mixed with what?
Any dog that comes from two pure bred parents is pure bred. the partis and the biewers had the exact same beginnings, same dog, different country.

JeanieK 08-20-2008 04:47 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pinehaven (Post 2193487)
Red leg, black and tan and yorkies with dark golden points have been used and will most likely continue to be used, in breeding programs to enhance the color of their show stock. So why is it ok to breed, raise and sell some off colored yorkies but it's not ok to breed, raise and sell other off colored stock? That's what I don't understand?


This is very true. It is stated in "The Complete Yorkshire Terrier" by Joan Gorden and Janet Bennett.

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 12:53 AM

[QUOTE=Pinehaven;2193487]I can't comment on the Biewer questions since there are a number of Biewer registries with different rules and I don't know if any allow Biewer (parti gene) carriers to show in classes.

Again, standards for many breeds were written years ago prior to the scientific knowledge and DNA testing that we have today. If you review the YTCA's website, it states that:

"One of the reasons for avoiding breeding "off-colored" Yorkies is because it could be a genetic defect that may affect the dog's health. Some health problems can include, but aren't limited to, severe skin problems, allergies, total hair loss and in some cases long-term illness and/or death."

With the exception of the blue born yorkies, we know that the above statement is false. The other off colored yorkies are no more prone to health or illness problems, than the standard yorkies are. So that reason, for not breeding off colors, is a poor reason. This sounds like something people in the early 1900's would have thought because they knew no better; back in those days, that's what they were told, that off colors were genetically damaged, weak and unhealthy.

An ETCHIAL breeder (as you stated) does not breed dogs that are not to the written standard" but unfortunately, many YTCA members have been breeding outside the standard for years and will probably continue to do so in the future. Red leg, black and tan and yorkies with dark golden points have been used and will most likely continue to be used, in breeding programs to enhance the color of their show stock. So why is it ok to breed, raise and sell some off colored yorkies but it's not ok to breed, raise and sell other off colored stock? That's what I don't understand?[/QUOTe

I cant speak for other breeders breeding programs, but I have never had the need or desire to use a red leg or a black for color improvements. The coat texture is just not there. I do know that these two colors have been used. The last time I saw black dogs frequently being shown or used for breeding was in the 1980's. Dont see many exhibitors showing black anymore except in young dogs that have not turned blue yet. That being said, these two colors are still a terrier with a dark saddle and tan points(legs and head). The breed color pattern stamp (dark saddle, tan points) is still there as it always has been there. If these two colors can improve blue or tan then great! Hopefully you dont loose the silk texture in the process.These colors have always been in the gene pool just as running gold, soft hair or course hair is. I feel that most show breeders will only use these colors if the dog has everything else perfect. If the breeding doesnt create the desired color, or whatever quality you bred for, the pups are placed in pet homes and the breeding is not repeated. Most show breeders I know will only sell un-showable puppies as pets only and not for breeding. So, the breedings are only being done for improvements and are not perpetuating off colors or off color patterns. Partis, on the other hand, do not have the correct color or the correct color pattern by a long shot. They are so far off standard that it would be the same as if I were to purposely breed a Yorkie with a top-line like a Bedlington Terrier.(FYI, thats an analogy)

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 01:02 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pinehaven (Post 2193487)
I can't comment on the Biewer questions since there are a number of Biewer registries with different rules and I don't know if any allow Biewer (parti gene) carriers to show in classes.

Again, standards for many breeds were written years ago prior to the scientific knowledge and DNA testing that we have today. If you review the YTCA's website, it states that:

"One of the reasons for avoiding breeding "off-colored" Yorkies is because it could be a genetic defect that may affect the dog's health. Some health problems can include, but aren't limited to, severe skin problems, allergies, total hair loss and in some cases long-term illness and/or death."

With the exception of the blue born yorkies, we know that the above statement is false. The other off colored yorkies are no more prone to health or illness problems, than the standard yorkies are. So that reason, for not breeding off colors, is a poor reason. This sounds like something people in the early 1900's would have thought because they knew no better; back in those days, that's what they were told, that off colors were genetically damaged, weak and unhealthy.

An ETCHIAL breeder (as you stated) does not breed dogs that are not to the written standard" but unfortunately, many YTCA members have been breeding outside the standard for years and will probably continue to do so in the future. Red leg, black and tan and yorkies with dark golden points have been used and will most likely continue to be used, in breeding programs to enhance the color of their show stock. So why is it ok to breed, raise and sell some off colored yorkies but it's not ok to breed, raise and sell other off colored stock? That's what I don't understand?

I dont quite agree with the health issue about off colored Yorkies either with the exception of the blue born. I am not knowedgable enough on off colored health issues to make an informed opinion on that. The only thing that I can think of would be a compromised immune system and possibly some skin issues, but I have seen alot of that in traditional Yorkies as well.

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 01:13 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JeanieK (Post 2193537)
:thumbup::thumbup::thumbup:

I could not have said it better myself. In addition, the standards have been changed in the past and no doubt will be changed again. You can bet if the parti color becomes popular enough, the standard will be changed. And "yorkiekist" perhaps that is what you are afraid of and that is why you are so adement that these colors not be bred.

Actually, I am not afraid of anything except scorpions. I am not afraid that the parti color will take over or be accepted by the YTCA. They just made it perfectly clear in Oct, 2007 that partis and the other off colors were not allowed. And its not a popularity contest or T-cups would have been written into the standard many many years ago.

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 01:25 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JeanieK (Post 2193550)
That is how all new breeds get started is from people who are brave enough to face this type of opposition and breed outside the standard.

And yes parent club change their standards all the time to what ever is popular with the dog lovers.

Ok, when was the last time that YTCA drastically changed their standards to cater to what-ever is popular at the time? And I am not talking about Oct of 2007.

Can you tell me when the StCA changed their standard to cater to the "popular" people?

And to respond to how new breeds get started: Go start your own breed and leave the Yorkie breed alone. Maybe you can call it the parti terrier!:)

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 01:32 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JeanieK (Post 2193562)
The wording might deem us to be unethical, but i cannot see how it is considered to be so as long as our first concern is the health and temperament of the offspring.

Kudos to you on breeding healthy dogs! Never had a doubt about that. The unethical part has to do with not breeding to the YTCA standard, not health issues. Although, breeding without screening for health issues for the breed is also considered unethical.

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 01:35 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JeanieK (Post 2193567)
Awwwwwwwww that was so nicely put. I'm guessing that you are very nice too. :)

Thanks!!:) By the way, some people call me Aunt Crabby(amoung other things!!LOL)

Pinehaven 08-21-2008 03:56 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2194145)
I cant speak for other breeders breeding programs, but I have never had the need or desire to use a red leg or a black for color improvements. The coat texture is just not there. I do know that these two colors have been used. The last time I saw black dogs frequently being shown or used for breeding was in the 1980's. Dont see many exhibitors showing black anymore except in young dogs that have not turned blue yet. That being said, these two colors are still a terrier with a dark saddle and tan points(legs and head). The breed color pattern stamp (dark saddle, tan points) is still there as it always has been there. If these two colors can improve blue or tan then great! Hopefully you dont loose the silk texture in the process.These colors have always been in the gene pool just as running gold, soft hair or course hair is. I feel that most show breeders will only use these colors if the dog has everything else perfect. If the breeding doesnt create the desired color, or whatever quality you bred for, the pups are placed in pet homes and the breeding is not repeated. Most show breeders I know will only sell un-showable puppies as pets only and not for breeding. So, the breedings are only being done for improvements and are not perpetuating off colors or off color patterns. Partis, on the other hand, do not have the correct color or the correct color pattern by a long shot.

Thank you ... you nailed it on the head!

You say the colors Red leg, black and tan, and running gold, have always been in the gene pool and their color has been used in breeding programs to improve the blue and tan color. Well parti, golden and chocolate have always been in the gene pool too, they've just been culled, kept quiet and disposed of.

Quote:

Originally Posted by yorkiekist (Post 2194145)
They (parti, chocolate and goldens) are so far off standard that it would be the same as if I were to purposely breed a Yorkie with a top-line like a Bedlington Terrier.(FYI, thats an analogy)

This is what I don't understand ... that it's ok to breed, raise and sell some off colors but it's not ok to breed, raise and sell other off colors.

When I see the YTCA and it's members, adamantly discriminate and condemn all off colors and not just certain off colors, than I'll begin to have a better understanding of their views.

Where do you think the genes for the red legs, black and tan, running gold yorkies came from ... same place that the parti gene, chocolate gene and golden gene came from, "In the Beginning"! It's from the unknown genes of the many types of terriers that began this breed.

Remember, the only acceptable color in our breed is Blue and tan. Not one of the above dogs listed, will meet that color standard but only some of those off colors are condemned, while some of those off colors are accepted and incorporated into todays breeding programs.

So, it's ok to be off color just as long as it's not way off color? Maybe YTCA needs to clarify that in their written standards?

BamaFan121s 08-21-2008 04:39 AM

I quit !!!


Pinehaven 08-21-2008 05:03 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by BamaFan121s (Post 2194246)

I'm sure you think this was a funny way of making your point but I find it offensive ... I lost my first horse in March this year after 17 years of owning horses and I just don't see the humor. Sorry.

BamaFan121s 08-21-2008 05:41 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pinehaven (Post 2194271)
I'm sure you think this was a funny way of making your point but I find it offensive ... I lost my first horse in March this year after 17 years of owning horses and I just don't see the humor. Sorry.

Soo sorry. Anyone can take just about any post put on here and turn it into something that someone applies to some life experience and deem it offensive. It's a pretty common phrase that I thought fit...a phrase which is used in life and on this forum quite often. You can rest assured I didn't post it to offend or upset you.

Pinehaven 08-21-2008 06:22 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by BamaFan121s (Post 2194346)
Soo sorry. Anyone can take just about any post put on here and turn it into something that someone applies to some life experience and deem it offensive. It's a pretty common phrase that I thought fit...a phrase which is used in life and on this forum quite often. You can rest assured I didn't post it to offend or upset you.

I know you didn't intentionally think the Youtube movie may upset someone and I use that phrase myself but saying the phrase is one thing and posting a graphic animated illustration is another ... I'm just glad you weren't trying to illustrate "That's one way to skin a cat" ;)

BamaFan121s 08-21-2008 06:25 AM

Well, I don't know about graphic...it looked pretty corny to me...

But I promise, no skinning the cat illustrations.

yorkiekist 08-21-2008 12:41 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JeanieK (Post 2193662)
A mixed breed? Mixed with what?
Any dog that comes from two pure bred parents is pure bred. the partis and the biewers had the exact same beginnings, same dog, different country.

I also think that there was a "fly in the pudding" also. Probably a few flies. Its very easy to add the parti gene and then breed back the Yorkie look. That doesnt take very many generations nor an Einstein. Does anyone have any proof, pictures or documentation of parti Yorkies from the 30's to the 70's? It seems to me that these odd colored Yorkie started appearing about the same time as the onslaught of bybrs who most often times had multiple breeds. At that time it was EXTREMELY easy to falsify AKC registration papers as there were very infrequent kennel inspections and no mandatory DNA tests. And does anyone know exactly what Mr Biewer was breeding prior to him proudly presenting his parti colored "yorkies" only to be turned down by the breed club? Is anyone positive he only bred Yorkies? Is anyone positive that he didnt falsify records?
I will address the statement that any dog that comes from purebred parents are purebred: Not if the records were falsified. This could be generations ago or only 1 generation ago. This is why the AKC must register off colored offspring. Its only because the parents are AkC registered, but in fact, are actually mixes with falsified registration papers. This is why it cant be stressed enough that a person really needs to research the breed and get to know several breeders before making a purchase.


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 07:30 PM.

Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168