YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 06-08-2009, 09:28 PM   #1
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
Leigh22's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Sumter, SC
Posts: 124
Confused Chocolate and Golden Yorkies?

I was looking up Parti Yorkies and Biewers today and came across a website for a breeder selling Chocolate Yorkies (had brown/goldish face and dark brown body) and Golden Yorkies (Gold everywhere with silver/brown mixed into the back). I had never seen these before. I've been able to find limited information on them, but the few sites I saw said that the Yorkies were had "mutated genes".

I promise I've been looking through the threads and from what I understand: It depends on who you ask as to why parti and biewers are different. Parti Yorkies have American roots and Biewers have German roots. I think, it was very confusing. But, are they like that? Just funny genes?

So my questions: What are Chocolate and Golden Yorkies? Are they bad? Does anyone have one on here?

VERY VERY CONFUSED!!!
Leigh22 is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 06-09-2009, 03:50 AM   #2
Donating YT 2000 Club Member
 
FlDebra's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: FL
Posts: 7,651
Default

They are breed faults, anomalies that you don't try to produce. The puppies that come out this way should be spayed/neutered and then loved,pampered, and treasured just as any other.
__________________
FlDebra and her ABCs
Annie, Ben, Candy
Promoting Healthy Breeding to the AKC Yorkshire Terrier Standard
FlDebra is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 04:52 AM   #3
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
tammy8833's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: VA
Posts: 2,775
Default

here is what i find on the history of biewers, many sites say the exact same thing.
but there are biewer breeders on this site that may have better replies

Biewer History
__________________
Tammy YT Gallery
Lil Girl Princess & Theodore ***Gidget R.I.P****
tammy8833 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 04:58 AM   #4
Donating YT 2000 Club Member
 
FlDebra's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: FL
Posts: 7,651
Default

Thought I had better clarify my previous post in this thread. The Chocolate and golden colors are anomalies..... I was not speaking to the Biewers or Parti's.
__________________
FlDebra and her ABCs
Annie, Ben, Candy
Promoting Healthy Breeding to the AKC Yorkshire Terrier Standard
FlDebra is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 04:59 AM   #5
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
tammy8833's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: VA
Posts: 2,775
Default

this sounded like good information on the golden and chocolates

Red River's Chocolate yorkshire Terrier
__________________
Tammy YT Gallery
Lil Girl Princess & Theodore ***Gidget R.I.P****
tammy8833 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:02 AM   #6
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
tammy8833's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: VA
Posts: 2,775
Default

this is some info on the partis

Parti Yorkie History,How Parti Yorkies came to be,Parti Yorkies
__________________
Tammy YT Gallery
Lil Girl Princess & Theodore ***Gidget R.I.P****
tammy8833 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:04 AM   #7
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
tammy8833's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: VA
Posts: 2,775
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by tammy8833 View Post

the information listed sounds right, but they also have a few red flags

such as breeding 4lbs
and using the term teacup
__________________
Tammy YT Gallery
Lil Girl Princess & Theodore ***Gidget R.I.P****
tammy8833 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:07 AM   #8
BANNED!
 
Join Date: Jun 2009
Location: BG KY
Posts: 84
Default

partis are still yorkies, just tri colored. The biewers have 3-4 different dogs in them to make them a biewer(one being a papillon, can't remember the others) and they are now considered a breed of their own. Pruett on here is very educated on the biewer, more so than most people, and I'm sure she would be happy to answer any question you have on the partis/biewers
Haleys_mom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:35 AM   #9
Donating YT 2000 Club Member
 
FlDebra's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: FL
Posts: 7,651
Default

[QUOTE=Leigh22;2660377]...So my questions: What are Chocolate and Golden Yorkies? Are they bad? Does anyone have one on here?...QUOTE]

There are different opinions. But you can hardly take a reference from a breeder that is selling them and trying to capitalize on them being "rare" instead of a fault. Previous poster already listed some other "red flags" that makes a source suspect. Our breed parent club is the Yorkshire Terrier Club of America. They set the standard that all breeders should be striving for. The YTCA put out a Disqualification Directive in 2007 to ensure Yorkies of colors out of standard would not be qualified to compete in confirmation. There is also a very definate YTCA opinion on solid colors and colors other than black/blue/tan/gold on yorkies, you can read here: Yorkshire Terrier Club of America (Awards)

I know it is controversial, but I think the highest reference source has to be the very Club that is setting the standard for the breed. If I were to ever get a chocolate or solid gold yorkie from a litter, I would spay/neuter and love it for the rest of its life. I would also ensure not to breed that male and female together again, and if it repeated, probably remove them from breeding altogether. The reason is not to dilute the Yorkie gene pool. I would want future generations to all be able to enjoy the yorkie as it is meant to be -- in all its splendor!

I have mixed feeling on the Parti's -- I know the YTCA is not supportive at the moment, but some are working very hard to have them recognized just as the Biewers. Other unscrupulous breeders, however, are just capitalizing on the "new fad" and producing any Yorkie with 3 color combinations. You can see some beautiful quality Parti's on this site. But I have seen some online that are horrible representatives of the breed (just as we sometimes see in standard colors). Color aside, they looked nothing like a Yorkie should. Don't get me wrong -- I believe once these dogs are birthed, they are just as worthy of love and attention as any, no matter what color or standard they have.
__________________
FlDebra and her ABCs
Annie, Ben, Candy
Promoting Healthy Breeding to the AKC Yorkshire Terrier Standard
FlDebra is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:40 AM   #10
Donating YT 2000 Club Member
 
Ladymom's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2007
Location: North Carolina
Posts: 8,317
Default

Chocolates, Goldens and partis are all color faults according to the YTCA and should not be intentionally bred:

An Important Note About Color in Yorkshire Terriers
By Gale Thompson

The most distinctive characteristic of an adult Yorkshire Terrier is its long blue
and tan silk coat. A puppy is born black and tan, but the only recognized colors for
adults when registering with AKC are blue and gold, blue and tan, black and gold,
or black and tan.

The AKC Breed Standard and YTCA Code of Ethics do not recognize any
other color dogs than noted above. This includes all gold, born blue, liver
(also known as red or chocolate), and parti-colors. One of the reasons for
avoiding breeding "off-colored" Yorkies is because it could be a genetic defect
that may affect the dog's health. Some health problems can include, but aren't
limited to, severe skin problems, allergies, total hair loss and in some cases
long-term illness and/or death.

A responsible breeder will not intentionally breed for undesirable traits.
On very rare occasions, a breeder will have a puppy born with a color anomaly.
That puppy should undergo careful health screenings before being placed in a
spay/neuter (non breeding) home. A breeder should certainly never
promote these deviations as being desirable or rare.

There are many issues that potential Yorkie owners need to study before
purchasing their dog. We hope you will read the helpful information at this
web site and make an informed decision. It could very possibly save you
aggravation, disappointment and expense. We wish you the best of luck
in your pursuit of a happy, healthy Yorkshire Terrier.

Back to Top


Parti-Color Yorkshire Terriers?

Do not be fooled into buying one of these dogs.
Now that Designer Dogs are the rage, the “new” Parti-Color Yorkie is certain to draw attention. While we have had problems in the past with “rare gold” Yorkshire Terriers being advertised, the parti-color is a new one! While some breeds have an occasional mismark and some breeds do have a gene for a white dog, we do not. Had there been a problem with white markings, piebald dogs, or white dogs, it would have been addressed in our Standard. Due to unscrupulous breeders advertising parti-colored Yorkshire Terriers at premium prices, our members voted unanimously at our annual meeting to add a disqualification for these and other off colored dogs.

The Yorkshire Terrier is a tan dog with a blue saddle. The “rare gold” Yorkie is actually a dog that appears as such due to an improper saddle pattern. Show breeders have seen this and commonly call it running gold. When the dog is cut down, you can see that the blue saddle does not come down far enough. The Yorkshire Terrier blue saddle extends lower than some of the other black and tan terriers extending to the elbow and also to the hock on the rear leg. Gold hairs can occur in the blue and black or blue hairs can appear in the gold. These faults are addressed in the Yorkshire Terrier Standard. These dogs have serious faults and they too should not be sold as "rare" but placed in loving homes as they are very incorrect. Yorkies do not have white markings…never have. A small white strip is sometimes seen on the chest of newborns but this always turns to tan within a few weeks. The AKC registration form for Yorkshire Terriers allows for four choices: blue and tan, blue and gold, black and tan, black and gold. There is no provision for markings.

A brief history of the development of the Yorkshire Terrier will show that the dog was developed in the 1800’s. In England, the Waterside Terrier was often crossed with the old English terrier, a silky coated black and tan or blue and tan terrier weighing around five pounds. When crafters from Scotland came into England, they brought several “Scotch“terriers, among them the Paisley and the Clydesdale. The Paisley was a small silky coated dog in various shades of blue. The Clydesdale was a blue and tan dog with the exact color pattern as the Yorkie of today. All of these original breeds were grizzle, tan, blue, blue and tan, or black and tan. No white dog or dogs with white markings were involved in the process of developing the breed. The first Yorkshire Terriers were entered at shows as Broken Haired Scotch and Yorkshire Terriers. In the early days, dog classes were often divided by size, under five pounds and over five pounds; however, there was never a class for colors other than the blue and tan we see today. The color pattern and coat texture has bred true and has been dominate enough that the Silky Terrier evolved by crossing the Yorkshire Terrier and the Australian Terrier with basically the same coat of the of the Yorkie.


Yorkshire Terrier Club of America
Ladymom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:45 AM   #11
Donating YT 2000 Club Member
 
FlDebra's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: FL
Posts: 7,651
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Haleys_mom View Post
... The biewers have 3-4 different dogs in them to make them a biewer(one being a papillon, can't remember the others) .....
Do you have a reference on that? Please list it! I thought the whole premise of the Biewer was that no other breeds had been used, only yorkies with recessive genes were responsible for the color pattern.

Lady mom -- That is the opinion from the FAQ I linked in my post. Great minds think alike! JK!
__________________
FlDebra and her ABCs
Annie, Ben, Candy
Promoting Healthy Breeding to the AKC Yorkshire Terrier Standard

Last edited by FlDebra; 06-09-2009 at 05:47 AM.
FlDebra is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:46 AM   #12
Just Pawz
Donating Member
 
oopsmyhalofello's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2007
Location: Liverpool, NY
Posts: 1,827
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Leigh22 View Post
I was looking up Parti Yorkies and Biewers today and came across a website for a breeder selling Chocolate Yorkies (had brown/goldish face and dark brown body) and Golden Yorkies (Gold everywhere with silver/brown mixed into the back). I had never seen these before. I've been able to find limited information on them, but the few sites I saw said that the Yorkies were had "mutated genes".

I promise I've been looking through the threads and from what I understand: It depends on who you ask as to why parti and biewers are different. Parti Yorkies have American roots and Biewers have German roots. I think, it was very confusing. But, are they like that? Just funny genes?

So my questions: What are Chocolate and Golden Yorkies? Are they bad? Does anyone have one on here?
VERY VERY CONFUSED!!!
The Chocolates and Goldens are yorkies, I honestly don't have enough knowledge on genes to get into exactly how they come about but if they are born from 2 standard color yorkies then that means both the parents carry that color gene, same with the parti. The Parti is no different then the chocolate or golden at this point as far as being a non-standard representation of the yorkshire terrier breed as dictacted by the YTCA.

There are breeders working to have the chocolate a recognized color as well. I do have a chocolate one, she is spayed of course as i'm not a breeder and her picture is in my avatar
__________________

oopsmyhalofello is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:51 AM   #13
BANNED!
 
Join Date: Jun 2009
Location: BG KY
Posts: 84
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by FlDebra View Post
Do you have a reference on that? Please list it! I thought the whole premise of the Biewer was that no other breeds had been used, only yorkies with recessive genes were responsible for the color pattern.

Lady mom -- That is the opinion from the FAQ I linked in my post. Great minds think alike! JK!
DNA testing.
Haleys_mom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 05:55 AM   #14
Donating YT 10K Club Member
 
bchgirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: at da beach
Posts: 15,444
Blog Entries: 2
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Haleys_mom View Post
DNA testing.
The Mars company...manufacturer of that test has stated they are unable to determine the genetic make up for biewers and also state it is unable to accurately determine the make up of breeds from European lines.

Copied and cross posted with permission.

We have received your inquiry about Biewer Terriers.

For the detection of mixed-breed dogs, we are currently able to detect signatures of 153 American Kennel Club (AKC) defined breeds and 4 non-AKC breeds. We are working towards expanding this to the full list of AKC registered breeds and more of the popular non-AKC breeds over the next year. Unfortunately, since the Biewer Terrier is not a breed we currently recognize, it will not be included in this expansion of our test.

The analysis is designed to find matches to the breeds in our database, so if the computer can find matches between your dog's DNA and our designated breeds with enough confidence, it will identify them. If your dog does contain a portion of Biewer Terrier, the analysis may identify Minors of breeds that are genetically closely related to it.

However, if the computer cannot find breeds that match with enough confidence, the Biewer Terrier portion will be left blank or it will be considered "too mixed" to call. For the other breeds in your dog, if there is a significant component from a breed that is covered in the test (e.g., a purebred dog in last three generations) then Wisdom Panel MX should be able to detect these other breeds. Overall, it is important to note that the presence of a breed signature that the test does not detect at present may cause inaccuracies in the analysis.

In regards to your purebreed inquiry; Wisdom Panel MX test analyzes over 300 genetic markers to determine the ancestral breed composition of a mixed-breed dog. Within this panel, there are almost no markers which are absolutely specific to one breed. Each breed will have a combination of markers within the panel that represent the breed. Within a mixed-breed dog, depending on the heritage of the breeds, not all of those markers may be passed down through the generations to appear in the genetic make-up of the dog that is tested. For example, on average, you would only expect 25% of the breed markers from a Grandparent to be passed down to the current dog. Thus, the way the test works is to use a best-fit model that is selected on the basis of the highest probability for each breed depending upon the analysis of markers that are found in the current dog. The final report is generated depending on the highest probability breeds found with a lower limit cut-off to ensure that the false positive reports are reduced to a minimum.

The relationship between the markers and breeds is unfortunately proprietary information as it forms the basis of the test and is therefore not publicized. Where pure breed dogs are concerned, most often the report generated by the test will simply indicate the pure strain of the breed in question as no other markers will be found at a high enough confidence level to generate a result. However, although our sample base covers 157 breeds and comprises more than 8,700 samples in total, there are several cases in which pure breed dogs may not be detected as purebred by Wisdom Panel MX test.

First, if the dog in question is not or was not bred within the continental US, even if it is an example of an AKC recognized breed, then we may not pick up the breed signature as the distinctive markers that identify the breed may vary greatly in foreign lines. Secondly, if there has been a very isolated breeding line for the pure breed, then we may not have enough coverage of that breed's gene pool to identify the dog as purebred. For these reasons, we do not advertise or recommend the use of Wisdom Panel MX as a test for confirming the purity of a purebred dog. This is due to the fact that Wisdom Panel MX is designed to find multiple breeds in an analysis, under the assumption that the dog it is testing has more than one breed in its mix. A test to determine breed purity would need to be designed for that purpose and its accuracy validated.


We hope this answers your inquiry. If you have any additional questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at customercare@marsveterinary.com or 888-K9 PET TEST (1-888-597-3883).
__________________
Deb, Reese, Reggie, Frazier, Libby, Sidney, & Bodie
Trace & Ramsey who watch over us
www.biewersbythebay.com
bchgirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 06-09-2009, 06:00 AM   #15
No Longer a Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: With My Beautiful Fur Babies!
Posts: 5,525
Default

I don't know a whole about the chocolates and goldens other than the obvious....their coloring. I do own a parti colored Yorkie, though....if you have questions, feel free to send me a PM.

Tammy
TammyJM is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks




Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 12:08 PM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167