YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > Yorkie Health & Diet
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar JavaChat Mark Forums Read

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 09-23-2010, 11:04 AM   #1
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
LuvTaycieGirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Salt Lake City UT,USA
Posts: 2,726
Blog Entries: 1
Default Vet was not thrilled I feed Blue Buffalo...:(

Ok I have posted this in the sick/emergency section I just wondered what your thoughts were on this.

Today I took Taycie to the vet because she has been having diaherra for the last 12 hours... things went fine and I am waiting to hear back from a stool sample but when talking about food she told me that Blue Buffalo was really pushed as a "healthy" food when she worked in Alabama and she said just DON"T believe everything you hear.

She said Purina, Royal Canine, and Science Diet have had the most studies done and she believed and backed them more then Blue Buffalo because she said it doesn't have all the studies those other foods have.

She also said I am glad to hear you are not feeding raw... I AM not against raw feeding and think some dogs have done excellent on it...

I was neutral about the her belief and I know she did take Taycie's care with her stomach/diaherra in her best intrest I just had a really hard time believing that something like Science Diet is better the Holistic feeding? I just know I would rather feed fresh ingredients instead of by products corn, wheat, chemical preservitatives soy etc... I just felt like something wrong was with this picture...

She also said if you would like recomendations on natural dogs foods I would be happy to give them. I wondered at that point what her recommendations would be. I am not sure I agree with this I feel I take Taycie's nutrition seriously it just bothered me some...
LuvTaycieGirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 09-23-2010, 11:09 AM   #2
Crazy about Kacee!
Donating Member
 
yorkieusa's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 21,173
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by LuvTaycieGirl View Post
Ok I have posted this in the sick/emergency section I just wondered what your thoughts were on this.

Today I took Taycie to the vet because she has been having diaherra for the last 12 hours... things went fine and I am waiting to hear back from a stool sample but when talking about food she told me that Blue Buffalo was really pushed as a "healthy" food when she worked in Alabama and she said just DON"T believe everything you hear.

She said Purina, Royal Canine, and Science Diet have had the most studies done and she believed and backed them more then Blue Buffalo because she said it doesn't have all the studies those other foods have.

She also said I am glad to hear you are not feeding raw... I AM not against raw feeding and think some dogs have done excellent on it...

I was neutral about the her belief and I know she did take Taycie's care with her stomach/diaherra in her best intrest I just had a really hard time believing that something like Science Diet is better the Holistic feeding? I just know I would rather feed fresh ingredients instead of by products corn, wheat, chemical preservitatives soy etc... I just felt like something wrong was with this picture...

She also said if you would like recomendations on natural dogs foods I would be happy to give them. I wondered at that point what her recommendations would be. I am not sure I agree with this I feel I take Taycie's nutrition seriously it just bothered me some...
All vets push the food they carry. If I remember correctly, they also get a commission off of what they sell. Also, I haven't seen a vet yet, in all of my life, that was a nutritionist!
__________________
Karen Kacee
Muffin 1991-2005 Rest in Peace My Little Angel
yorkieusa is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:20 AM   #3
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
Sweet Apple's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: Houston, Texas USA
Posts: 2,473
Default

My vet is not on board w/raw, either...And yet, I smell the clean breath, and lack of tartar on the teeth...I see the small, firm, almost odorless stools (better for glands)...I see the shiny coats...But the MAIN thing, is I don't see my Apple's knees pop out, at all! I'm sure it's the raw food...I started Buzz on raw, at 4 months...He's now 14 months, and his teeth are gorgeous (and I don't brush!) He has no tartar, at all...Apple has a little, at almost 2 yrs. old, but I didn't start her on raw 'till she was about 10 or 11 months old...Cha Cha, my little rescue, had horrible teeth, and was only about a year or so old...I've had them cleaned, and now she's on raw, and I have high hopes for her teeth now...The problem w/vets, is the same as w/ human doctors, they learn how to heal disease, not prevent it...
Sweet Apple is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:26 AM   #4
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
LuvTaycieGirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Salt Lake City UT,USA
Posts: 2,726
Blog Entries: 1
Default

I guess what I dont understand is how I never went to vet school and all it takes is some googling and you basically know Science Diet or any other food a vet promotes is not healthy and I was a little turned off how that she was basically saying people think Blue Buffalo is a great food but there wrong... I feel good about it because i know what is in it.. it seems to me like the answer is black and white..
LuvTaycieGirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:28 AM   #5
Crazy about Kacee!
Donating Member
 
yorkieusa's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 21,173
Default

Read this:

And why does your veterinarian always want to sell you Hill's Science Diet?

Well, you should know that the associations, in general, have a vested financial interest in many of the products a veterinarian can sell to clients (Veterinary Associations are major shareholders in Hill's Science diet...), and they are paid by the manufacturer for promoting those products... (In fact, the manufacturers often have to bribe those associations to accept at least condoning their product, as the associations have the power to ban their members from using them! There are many examples of this happening, both in North America and Europe.)

The pet food manufacturers and the pharmaceutical companies also run "incentive programs" for practicing veterinarians. Those programs are basically giving the vet a nice commission of all sales, but in addition to a plain commission, the vet gets some significant cash bonuses when his/her sales reach certain numbers! This is of course, an excellent incentive for the vet to sell more of that product - whether or not the clients actually need it... (also read this page for more on pushing Hills; SD; Iams and Eukanuba)
Why Your Veterinarian Cannot Afford to Always Tell You the Truth
__________________
Karen Kacee
Muffin 1991-2005 Rest in Peace My Little Angel
yorkieusa is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:33 AM   #6
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
LuvTaycieGirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Salt Lake City UT,USA
Posts: 2,726
Blog Entries: 1
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by yorkieusa View Post
Read this:

And why does your veterinarian always want to sell you Hill's Science Diet?

Well, you should know that the associations, in general, have a vested financial interest in many of the products a veterinarian can sell to clients (Veterinary Associations are major shareholders in Hill's Science diet...), and they are paid by the manufacturer for promoting those products... (In fact, the manufacturers often have to bribe those associations to accept at least condoning their product, as the associations have the power to ban their members from using them! There are many examples of this happening, both in North America and Europe.)

The pet food manufacturers and the pharmaceutical companies also run "incentive programs" for practicing veterinarians. Those programs are basically giving the vet a nice commission of all sales, but in addition to a plain commission, the vet gets some significant cash bonuses when his/her sales reach certain numbers! This is of course, an excellent incentive for the vet to sell more of that product - whether or not the clients actually need it... (also read this page for more on pushing Hills; SD; Iams and Eukanuba)
Why Your Veterinarian Cannot Afford to Always Tell You the Truth


Makes PERFECT sense... completly agree
LuvTaycieGirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:36 AM   #7
Dreamin' of Dexter
Donating YT Member
 
dexterandalana's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: toronto, Canada
Posts: 1,612
Default

[QUOTE=yorkieusa;3278979]All vets push the food they carry. If I remember correctly, they also get a commission off of what they sell. [QUOTE]

of course they make money off of what they sell!

the bottom line is that dogs have been eating raw meat and home cooked scraps for thousands of years. kibble was invented about 50 years ago. Dog's digestion tracts are MADE to eat raw diets...just like a human's digestive tract is MADE to eat non-processed veggies and meats. yes, we could live off of McDonalds and boxed foods (and many of us do) but that does not mean that we will live healthily. A dog can live off of kibble, but that is not the optimum food for their health.
__________________
Alana - Proud mommy to Dexter & Peppermint
Dexter's Ruff Life on: You Tube Facebook Twitter Blogger
dexterandalana is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 11:52 AM   #8
And Rylee Finnegan
Donating Member
 
Ellie May's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: Metro Detroit, MI
Posts: 17,928
Default

Well, Ellie's vet feeds and recommends Blue Buffalo. So which vet is right? The thing is, the field of canine nutrition is way more complex than most sites on Google want to make people believe. It's not all about avoiding ingredient A and adding some extra ingredient B. That completely lacks the science behind it which, IMO, is a bad thing. I don't care what X individual who felt like putting up a site has to say about dog food because most of them simply don't have the credentials to teach everyone on the internet about the subject. I used to go by ingredients too, and to an extent I still do. Ethoxyquin and by-products aren't top on my list of things to feed. At the same time, do by-products actually harm dogs? Probably not. So it becomes subjective. I don't like Purina because I've seen what it does to quite a few dogs and there are much better quality foods out there. But then, I don't like very small companies either because they have less money to spend on quality control. Holistic brands are recalled just like non-holistic brands. Like now, BB Wilderness seems to be causing a problem in some dogs. Merricks has been recalled so many times, etc.

And I agree with your vet about raw. The more I learn about it, the more I am very concerned with the feeding method.

Also, not all vets want you to feed what they sell. Some carry it only because they have to. And btw, I know a vet who can get SD cheaper from PetSmart than she can through the office she works at. No great deals for vets who feed these foods here...
__________________
Crystal, Ellie May (RIP), Rylee Finnegan, and Gracie Boo🐶

Last edited by Ellie May; 09-23-2010 at 11:53 AM.
Ellie May is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 12:55 PM   #9
Action Jackson ♥
Donating Member
 
Britster's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: Maryland
Posts: 17,814
Default

I think, in a lot of cases, vets just want to stay 'safe'. And honestly don't know better. They don't want to be the one recommending you to feed a food and then have it NOT work for you, and they only get 1 class in nutrition, I believe, out of all of those years they're in school. Vets are helpful in a lot of ways... but I won't listen to them on food or grooming (lol).

All I can say, as a dogsitter, is every dog that eats SD.... has the most poop I've EVER seen come out of a dog. I am much happier with Jackson's small little firm poops that happen twice daily, his shiny coat, his good teeth, his energy, his non-itchy skin, etc, on Acana.

I just don't see how anyone who could think a dog is meant to eat a diet based primarily on corn, wheat, soy, etc... just doesn't make sense to me.
__________________
~ Brit & Lights! Camera! Jackson! CGC ETD TKP ~
Follow Jackson on Instagram: https://instagram.com/jacksontheterrier

Last edited by Britster; 09-23-2010 at 12:57 PM.
Britster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 01:14 PM   #10
Donating YT 12K Club Member
 
JeanieK's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Council Bluffs Iowa
Posts: 12,552
Default

This is a very interesting thread. I would like to hear more about the connection between the different brands and the amount of tarter.

I feed Royal Canin and I am constantly battling tarter.
JeanieK is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 01:46 PM   #11
Donating Senior Yorkie Talker
 
boopster's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: Southern California, USA
Posts: 1,643
Blog Entries: 1
Default

I'd like to see a study of dogs' lifespans and the diets they get. Years ago we used to think a dog living for 10 years was remarkable. My last dog made it nearly to age 17. I have a strong feeling that the food she ate was a large factor in that.
boopster is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 02:45 PM   #12
Luv my Angel, too!
Donating Member
 
LuvMySissy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: USA
Posts: 9,333
Default

I am very fortunate that my vet is an advocate of raw feeding (of all kinds) and home cooking and does not like most commercial kibble. She appears to be very informed on nutrition from what I've heard about other people's vets.

If you at all uneasy about feeding raw, The Honest Kitchen is as close as you can get but with absolutely no risk of e-coli or salmonella, and is all prepared in a licensed, human grade facility - not a typical dog food company. They also have never had a recall..................
__________________
Sissy & Angel
LuvMySissy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 03:06 PM   #13
Mom to 6 Beautiful Furkids
 
MyTrixie143's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: Ohio
Posts: 5,409
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by yorkieusa View Post
Read this:

And why does your veterinarian always want to sell you Hill's Science Diet?

Well, you should know that the associations, in general, have a vested financial interest in many of the products a veterinarian can sell to clients (Veterinary Associations are major shareholders in Hill's Science diet...), and they are paid by the manufacturer for promoting those products... (In fact, the manufacturers often have to bribe those associations to accept at least condoning their product, as the associations have the power to ban their members from using them! There are many examples of this happening, both in North America and Europe.)

The pet food manufacturers and the pharmaceutical companies also run "incentive programs" for practicing veterinarians. Those programs are basically giving the vet a nice commission of all sales, but in addition to a plain commission, the vet gets some significant cash bonuses when his/her sales reach certain numbers! This is of course, an excellent incentive for the vet to sell more of that product - whether or not the clients actually need it... (also read this page for more on pushing Hills; SD; Iams and Eukanuba)
Why Your Veterinarian Cannot Afford to Always Tell You the Truth

I wonder if this applies to pet stores as well? I worked at a pet store a few years back and we were always told to push Science Diet or Biljac despite the fact that they also carried much better food such as Blue Buffalo, Natural Balance, etc.

I wouldn't be able to believe any vet that says Science Diet or Iams is better than Blue Buffalo. I've seen the results first hand. Science Diet is a crappy food.
I've tried many foods out on my furry gang and can honestly say Blue Buffalo had the most positive outcome. Their coats are better, skin is healthier and I even see a lot less tear staining with my maltese since she has been switched over to it.
As for their teeth and tarter goes all of their teeth are in excellent shape. But I don't know whether that is because of the food or just good genetics, etc. The only difference I can say they have is the tarter on their teeth seems to be softer.
I scale their teeth myself every few months and the little tarter that is on them comes right off very easily leaving their teeth pearly white.
__________________
A dog is a furry person! http://www.dogster.com/?300866 Tracey and the gang
DestinyHarmonyScamperGracieLillieKiwi Hershey Peppi
MyTrixie143 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 03:08 PM   #14
Dreamin' of Dexter
Donating YT Member
 
dexterandalana's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: toronto, Canada
Posts: 1,612
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by MyTrixie143 View Post
I wonder if this applies to pet stores as well? I worked at a pet store a few years back and we were always told to push Science Diet or Biljac despite the fact that they also carried much better food such as Blue Buffalo, Natural Balance, etc.
definitely true. unfortunately the world has become a money hungry place. a good portion of people and companies are just out to make the most amount of money possible, no matter who they harm in the process. That's why it is so difficult to know what is the truth.
__________________
Alana - Proud mommy to Dexter & Peppermint
Dexter's Ruff Life on: You Tube Facebook Twitter Blogger
dexterandalana is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 09-23-2010, 04:01 PM   #15
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
LuvTaycieGirl's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Salt Lake City UT,USA
Posts: 2,726
Blog Entries: 1
Default

I found this article on the Honest Kitchen website and I found it rather interesting regarding their teeth. It also explains why I think many commercial dogs foods may aid in the cause of tarter buildup.. Made me think

And speaking from experience I work for a lady who feeds her boarder collie Iams. He is 2 and his teeth are HORRIBLE! He needs a cleaning badly because every tooth is covered in tarter... I am not sure its the cause of tarter but after I read this article I bet to wager its a high possiblity...


Honest Kitchen Article:

Many pet food manufactures promote their dry, crunchy kibble products as capable of cleaning the teeth. There are a couple of flaws with this claim. The first is that in the majority of cases, dogs and cats don’t actually even crunch up their kibble with their teeth. Have you ever seen your animal companion vomit or regurgitate his kibble? Almost without exception, that kibble returns to the world in the exact same form as it was consumed – round pellets. There’s no way they could have cleaned the teeth because they were never even chewed, and simply got swallowed whole! Secondly, most kibbles are so laden with processed simple carbohydrates, that any that is chewed will actually impact starches and sugars into the gum-line, thus increasing the likelihood of periodontal disease over the long term. In contrast, most home prepared diets do not seem to contribute to the same levels of tartar buildup as processed dry foods and a fresh, minimally processed pet food diet causes almost no tartar buildup in most cases.

Last edited by LuvTaycieGirl; 09-23-2010 at 04:04 PM.
LuvTaycieGirl is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks



Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 05:06 PM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167