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Old 03-18-2009, 05:10 AM   #1
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Default VACCINATING PUPPIES--16 Weeks

When considering at what age a puppy should begin receiving its core vaccines, consider the information from the American Animal Hospital Association stating that the maternal antibodies in a puppy younger than 16 weeks may interfer with the immune response. Bear in mind that there are risks associated with vaccinating as well as risks associated with not vaccinating. Making an informed decision is important. Also, be aware that giving combo vaccines (multi-valent) and/or several shots at once increases the risk of adverse reactions as well as the risk that the vaccines will interfere with each other, resulting in neutralization or negation.

In the August 2008 issue of The Whole Dog Journal, Dr. Ronald Schultz reports in an article entitled, Vaccinations 101, by Lisa Rodier, "Research shows that less than 50 percent of puppies will respond at six weeks; 75 percent at nine weeks; 90 percent at 12 weeks; and by 14 to16 weeks, close to 100 percent will respond. "

In an August 1, 2008 article in DVM360 entitled Vaccination: An Overview,Vaccination: An overview (Proceedings) - Veterinary Healthcare Dr. Melissa Kennedy states: Vaccination of the young begins at 6-8 weeks of age. Multiple boosters are given because maternal immunity interferes with vaccinal response. Because one doesn't know the level in each animal for each pathogen at each time point (and it is not feasible nor cost-effective to measure this), repeated boosters are given until the point when maternal immunity has likely decreased sufficiently to allow induction of immunity, usually at 16-18 weeks of age.

On Page 16 of the of the American Animal Hospital Association's 2003 Canine Vaccine Guidelines, it reports that: When vaccinating an animal, the age of the animal, the animal's immune status, and interference by maternal antibodies in the development of immunity must be considered. Research has demonstrated that the presence of passively acquired maternal antibodies significantly interferes with the immune response to many canine vaccines, including CPV [parvo], CDV [distemper], CAV-2 [hepatitis] and rabies vaccines."

They further state on Page 17 that: "Multiple vaccinations with MLV vaccines are required at various ages only to ensure that one dose of the vaccine reaches the puppy's immune system without interference from passively acquired antibody. Two or more doses of killed vaccines (except rabies) and vectored vaccines are often required to induce an immune response, and both doses should be given at a time when the passively acquired antibody can no longer interfere. Thus, when puppies are first vaccinated at 16 weeks (or more) of age (an age when passively acquired antibodies generally don't cause interference), one does of an MLV vaccine, or two doses of a killed vaccine, are adequate to stimulate an immune response."

The AAHA Canine Vaccine Guidelines also declare on Page 17 that: "If a pup fails to respond, primarily due to interference by passively acquired maternal antibody, it is necessary to revaccinate at a later time to ensure adequate immunity."

On Page 13 of the 2006 American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Vaccine Guidelines, it lists as the most common reason for vaccination failure is "the puppy has a sufficient amount of passively acquired maternal antibody (PAMA) to block the vaccine......" They elaborate by reporting that at the ages of 14 to 16 weeks of age, "PAMA should be at a level that will not block active immunization in most puppies (>95%) when a reliable product is used."

Vaccine Options & Prevention, MATERNAL ANTIBODY: OUR BIGGEST OBSTACLE Vaccination Options/Prevention

Puppies that were born first or were more aggressive at nursing on the first day, will get more maternal antibody than their littermates.

Mother dogs vaccinated at approximately the time of breeding will have the highest antibody levels to pass on to their puppies.

*** REMEMBER, the more maternal antibody a puppy has,
the less likely a vaccine is to work.

It should be noted that giving vaccine more frequently than every 2 weeks will cause interference between the two vaccines and neither can be expected to be effective. This includes giving vaccines for different infections. Vaccines should be spaced 2-4 weeks apart.

It is commonly held that puppies need a certain number of vaccines for protection to be achieved (usually either 3 or 4 is the “magic” number). The number of vaccines given has nothing to do with protection. In order for protection to be achieved, vaccine must be given when it can penetrate maternal antibody.


Combination Vaccines, Multiple Shots--on Page 16 of the 2003 AAHA Guidelines under Immunological Factors Determining Vaccine Safety, it states that: "Although increasing the number of components in a vaccine may be more convenient for the practitioner or owner, the likelihood for adverse effects may increase. Also, interference can occur among the components. Care must be taken not to administer a product containing too many vaccines simultaneously if adverse events are to be avoided and optimal immune responses are sought. "

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association's 2007 Vaccination Guidelines state on Page 3 that: In situations where, for example, a decision must be made that an individual pet may have to receive only a single core vaccination during its lifetime, the VGG [Vaccination Guidelines Group] would emphasise that this should optimally be given at a time when that animal is most capable of responding immunologically, i.e., at the age of 16 weeks or greater."

Continued Below
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Old 03-18-2009, 05:11 AM   #2
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continued from above

__________________________________________________ ____________________________
Duration of Immunity: The Rabies Vaccine Challenge - Show #185 Animal Talk Radio Show 7/30/08 Free Online Radio - Internet Talk Radio - 404 Page | BlogTalkRadio

Duration of Immunity to Canine Vaccines: What We Know and Don't Know, Dr. Ronald Schultz Duration of Immunity

What Everyone Needs to Know about Canine Vaccines, Dr. Ronald Schultz
What Everyone Needs to Know About Canine Vaccines

Vaccination: An Overview Dr. Melissa Kennedy, DVM360 Vaccination: An overview (Proceedings) - Veterinary Healthcare

World Small Animal Veterinary Association 2007 Vaccine Guidelines - WSAVA - Scientific Advisory Committee Scroll down to Vaccine Guidelines 2007 (PDF)

The 2003 American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Vaccine Guidelines are accessible online at Special Report .

The 2006 American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Vaccine Guidelines are downloadable in PDF format at About AAHA .

Veterinarian, Dr. Robert Rogers,has an excellent presentation on veterinary vaccines at Home

October 1, 2002 DVM Newsletter article entitled, AVMA, AAHA to Release Vaccine Positions, AVMA, AAHA to release vaccine positions - DVM

July 1, 2003 DVM Newsletter article entitled, What Do We Tell Our Clients?, Developing thorough plan to educate staff on changing vaccine protocols essential for maintaining solid relationships with clients and ensuring quality care 'What do we tell our clients?' - DVM

July 1, 2003, DVM Newsletter article, Developing Common Sense Strategies for Fiscal Responsibility: Using an interactive template to plan service protocol changes Developing common sense strategies for fiscal responsibility - DVM

Animal Wellness Magazine Article Vol. 8 Issue 6, How Often Does he REALLY Need A Rabies Shot Animal Wellness Magazine - devoted to natural health in animals

The Rabies Challenge Animal Wise Radio Interview
Listen to Animal Wise (scroll down to The Rabies Challenge 12/9/07)

The Vaccine Challenge Animal Talk Naturally Online Radio Show » The Vaccine Challenge - Show #91

Rabies Shot Killed my Poodle May 28, 2008 Channel 5 News WCVB Woman: Rabies Shot Killed My Poodle - Boston News Story - WCVB Boston

US Declared Canine-Rabies Free -- CDC Announces at Inaugural World Rabies Day Symposium CDC Press Release - September 7, 2007

Rabies Prevention -- United States, 1991 Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP), Center for Disease Control's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly March 22, 1991 / 40(RR03);1-19 Rabies Prevention -- United States, 1991 Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) "A fully vaccinated dog or cat is unlikely to become infected with rabies, although rare cases have been reported (48). In a nationwide study of rabies among dogs and cats in 1988, only one dog and two cats that were vaccinated contracted rabies (49). All three of these animals had received only single doses of vaccine; no documented vaccine failures occurred among dogs or cats that had received two vaccinations. "
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Old 03-18-2009, 05:26 AM   #3
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Thank you for posting this important information.....I wish more breeders and new puppy owners would educate themselves on vaccines and how they work.....

I'm never impressed when I see a breeder rushing a 6-10 week old pup out to get jabbed.......It just goes to show me they don't have a clue.......Maybe this article will give people something to think about......
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Old 03-18-2009, 05:32 AM   #4
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I so hope more breeders will really read this and begin to follow the recommended practice of NOT vaccinating before 12 weeks (at a minimum). I would much rather gt a new puppy that has not yet had a single vaccine and know exactly what is being put into their body rather than a potentially compromised immune system.
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Old 03-18-2009, 05:58 AM   #5
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Quote:
Originally Posted by LuvMySissy View Post
I so hope more breeders will really read this and begin to follow the recommended practice of NOT vaccinating before 12 weeks (at a minimum). I would much rather gt a new puppy that has not yet had a single vaccine and know exactly what is being put into their body rather than a potentially compromised immune system.
I feel the same way....I would much rather get a pup with no vaccines so I had control over them......Some people get all up in a snit if the breeder doesn't load them up with everything under the sun as if the breeder is being cheap and neglectful.....
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Old 03-18-2009, 07:57 AM   #6
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Okay, so the bottom line is:

Vaccinate a pup at 16 weeks of age, give DHPP - then do boosters at 1 year, then you can titer if that's your preference. Is that correct?
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Old 03-19-2009, 01:03 AM   #7
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Dog owners need to assesss their puppy's risk of exposure to disease and choose a vaccine schedule based on that consideration (as well as maternal antibody interference) with your veterinarian's input. For instance, people with puppies in daycare or who go to shows or obedience classes have an entirely different risk of early exposure than someone like me who lives in an isolated rural area with no other houses in sight and whose dogs (puppies) don't go out in public.

The information is to provide information on why so many combo vaccines are given to puppies in the first few months of life. Bear in mind that these are all the same full-strength vaccines given to adult dogs.
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Old 03-19-2009, 06:10 AM   #8
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I guess I still don't understand whether or not there are new recommendations....or not? What is the takeaway then?
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Old 03-19-2009, 07:20 AM   #9
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The "takeaway" is that the more informed dog owners are about the risk of disease exposure their dogs (puppies) face and the age at which vaccination is most effective, the better equipped they are to make the right vaccinal choice for their animals with their veterinarian's input. This will not only reduce the potential for unwanted adverse side affects (the smaller the dog and the more frequent the vaccinations represent an increase in the likelihood of an adverse reaction -- see below) by possibly eliminating one or more redundant boosters, but may also save the dog owner an unnecessary veterinary fee.


Vaccinal adverse reactions are becoming more recognized and acknowledged in the veterinary community -- in an August 1, 2008 article in DVM360 entitled Vaccination: An Overview, Vaccination: An overview (Proceedings) - Veterinary Healthcare Dr. Melissa Kennedy states that of the two types of vaccinal adverse reactions:

Adverse reactions have also become a major concern in small animal medicine. .... These fall into two general categories. The first is immediate hypersensitivity. This may be a local or systemic response, and is due to pre-existing antibody to the agent. This is the classic "allergic reaction" to the vaccine and can be life-threatening. The second is a delayed response, requiring days of longer to develop. The vaccine, seen as foreign, elicits a significant inflammatory response and is especially true for adjuvanted vaccines. This response can manifest as a granuloma, or more seriously, a fibrosarcoma .

Further, she reports that The likelihood of adverse reactions in dogs has been found to correlate with the size of the dog and the number of inoculations given, with higher risk associated with small size and multiple inoculations.
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Old 03-19-2009, 10:17 AM   #10
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Well, since almost all vets around here still adhere to the old protocols, I don't rely on their input for vaccines.

I find this post extremely confusing - are you saying there are new recommendations we should be adopting for our pets...or not? In other words, should we be following Dodd's protocol or not? If there are new options that relate to exposure and maternal immunity et al, then what, exactly, are those and when should we opt to do something different that Dodd and what ages and etc etc?

Am I the only one really confused now? Maybe it's just me.
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Old 03-19-2009, 10:20 AM   #11
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I think it's really important that all pups have at least one DHP and rabies at or after 16-18 weeks and most pups aren't going to get a bit of good from vaccines started in the 6 week range. Other than that, it seems to be open to interpretation which is frustrating because most vets just do not know enough about this.
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Old 03-19-2009, 06:24 PM   #12
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This is definitely a tough one. To give or not to give. I happen to live next to a reservoir and state park. Lepto, has reared its ugly head, less then a mile away from my house. This particular serovar was Ictero-Haemorrhagia, which happens to be one of the four in the lepto shot. Had serious questions about giving my 13 week old the shot, but with it that close and foxes in my backyard, I chose to give him the shot. It was a hard choice.
Was it the right one? I do not know. Just trying to protect my baby the best way I can.

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Old 03-20-2009, 12:14 PM   #13
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There is no one-size fits all protocol that will cover every puppy's risk of disease exposure while avoiding the risks of vaccinal adverse reactions -- that's why it's so important for dog owners to educate themselves and then discuss a vaccine schedule with their veterinarian.

The quotes from the articles above are not "recommendations," rather, they are conveying results of data from scientific studies which should help in making vaccine choices.
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Old 05-03-2010, 02:37 AM   #14
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According to a study published in the January 2010 issue of Journal of Comparative Pathology entitled, Age and Long-term Protective Immunity in Dogs and Cats by Dr. Ronald Schultz, et als., "Old dogs and cats rarely die from vaccine-preventable infectious disease, especially when they have been vaccinated and immunized as young adults (i.e. between 16 weeks and 1 year of age). However, young animals do die, often because vaccines were either not given or not given at an appropriate age (e.g. too early in life in the presence of maternally derived antibody [MDA]).The present study examines the DOI for core viral vaccines in dogs that had not been revaccinated for as long as 9 years. These animals had serum antibody to canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1) at levels considered protective and when challenged with these viruses, the dogs resisted infection and/or disease. Thus, even a single dose of modified live virus (MLV) canine core vaccines (against CDV, cav-2 and cpv-2) or MLV feline core vaccines (against feline parvovirus [FPV], feline calicivirus [FCV] and feline herpesvirus [FHV]), when administered at 16 weeks or older, could provide long-term immunity in a very high percentage of animals, while also increasing herd immunity." ...... ScienceDirect - Journal of Comparative Pathology : Age and Long-term Protective Immunity in Dogs and Cats
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