YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community

YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/index.php)
-   General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/general-yorkshire-terrier-discussion/)
-   -   Not Neutering (https://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/general-yorkshire-terrier-discussion/95015-not-neutering.html)

Bizzymammabee 09-18-2007 11:42 AM

A lot of men (not saying that this is the case here) feel that neutering is wrong becuase your removing the manhood of the dog (my dad is old school and thinks like this too) and that clouds their judgment. They seem to equate their dogs manliness and fertility with their own.

lara2913 09-18-2007 11:47 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Bizzymammabee (Post 1377534)
A lot of men (not saying that this is the case here) feel that neutering is wrong becuase your removing the manhood of the dog (my dad is old school and thinks like this too) and that clouds their judgment. They seem to equate their dogs manliness and fertility with their own.

I wonder what they would say if you asked them, would you rather have a massive urge to have sex for your entire life and never get to do it? Or, never have the urge to do it?

Bizzymammabee 09-18-2007 11:55 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by lara2913 (Post 1377547)
I wonder what they would say if you asked them, would you rather have a massive urge to have sex for your entire life and never get to do it? Or, never have the urge to do it?

Definitely a good question...lol. Sure puts it in perspective.

Superstarkba 09-18-2007 12:03 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by blondflava (Post 1376927)
I agree it doesn't change their personality. Pepper was neutered about 8 months ago and he's as hyper, active and crazy as he was before.


I disagree when you said " it doesn't change their personality." Because Aubrey is not hiper or anythign like he used to be. Every now and then he will start running around, but now he mostly just lays around.

La Princesa 09-18-2007 12:10 PM

its all on you what you want to do. I dont feel that you should have ever felt that you NEEDED to neuter just because people in here say you should. WHen i read in here i really have to go through and separate facts from strong opinions that seem like fact u know?

I know with my first i had no problems with him marking in my house because he is a really easy to train boy and willing to please and knows what he must to to get his way with me... I did have a problem with him marking up other people's homes especially if they had other dogs. He would hump people especially if that person owned a girl dog. So like you as long as he was INSIDE my home i really had no major problems.

When i got my second dog he Marked my home immediately where if he was neutered i would not have had that problem cause he was pee pad trained. he immediately tried to hump my first boy and he has a strong personality and i think neutering is the best thing for him.In hind site if it wasn't in my contract my first didn't necessarily need to be neuter. My second i would.. with two for me i think its a must but if i only had one. I would definitely not have neutered Ryoko my first but if i only had my second i would neuter him.

another thing is i wanted to remark that people in here said testicular cancer not just any cancer and I think thas valid if its like a 50 50 chance or something but i don't know the statistics and it didn't influence my decision at all. as for it being wrong period, i think that the reason its being done is to help control the pet population... forget what the breeder wants in this case who cares IMO, but if i can stop unwanted or mutts from being born if my boys gets loose i say its a good thing because its wrong to have so many animals that have to be put down because they are neglected and running the streets getting hit by cards and malnutrition's because no one will care for them. I am proud of people who can take in pets off the streets but i feel sorry for them because thas a heavy burden to bare on the heart and on the pockets of the do gooders.

as for AS for the puppy becoming spoiled if not neutered, thats bull as well. I am thinking who in the f%$@# told u that...cause that just sounds like someone's opinion and is definitely not a fact because our pets, if they are indoor pets are spoiled more than most pets anyway.

I applaud you for being a non conformist in this situation and taking the information for yourself and making your own conclusion according to your own needs because thas exactly how this site is supposed to work.

God Bless
Kisses! lol
Quote:

Originally Posted by remus (Post 1376900)
:aimeeyork After thinking about it for a while, and speaking to some people here and there, some who had up to 10 dogs, i decided not to neuter Rocky.
I see it as a wrong thing to do to a dog or anyone for that matter. Sure breeders will tell you otherwise, they dont want you breeeding dogs, they loose money. And doctors will almost always tell you to go for it!!! $$$$ for them. Its a business just like anything else out there, just like docking tails, $$, which is illegal in England.
Our doctor said to wait and decide later, but did not push me to do it or not do it, told me to wait.

AS for the puppy becoming spoiled if not neutered, thats bull as well. THe dog is either trained or conditioned from day one or not.

Please note, by no means am I trying to offend anyone or anyones lttle monkeys out there. This my personal belief and opinion, just wanted to share it with a Yorkie community.

Thanks!:aimeeyork


Brooklynn 09-18-2007 12:16 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by La Princesa (Post 1377592)
its all on you what you want to do. I dont feel that you should have ever felt that you NEEDED to neuter just because people in here say you should. WHen i read in here i really have to go through and separate facts from strong opinions that seem like fact u know?

I know with my first i had no problems with him marking in my house because he is a really easy to train boy and willing to please and knows what he must to to get his way with me... I did have a problem with him marking up other people's homes especially if they had other dogs. He would hump people especially if that person owned a girl dog. So like you as long as he was INSIDE my home i really had no major problems.

When i got my second dog he Marked my home immediately where if he was neutered i would not have had that problem cause he was pee pad trained. he immediately tried to hump my first boy and he has a strong personality and i think neutering is the best thing for him.In hind site if it wasn't in my contract my first didn't necessarily need to be neuter. My second i would.. with two for me i think its a must but if i only had one. I would definitely not have neutered Ryoko my first but if i only had my second i would neuter him.

another thing is i wanted to remark that people in here said testicular cancer not just any cancer and I think thas valid if its like a 50 50 chance or something but i don't know the statistics and it didn't influence my decision at all. as for it being wrong period, i think that the reason its being done is to help control the pet population... forget what the breeder wants in this case who cares IMO, but if i can stop unwanted or mutts from being born if my boys gets loose i say its a good thing because its wrong to have so many animals that have to be put down because they are neglected and running the streets getting hit by cards and malnutrition's because no one will care for them. I am proud of people who can take in pets off the streets but i feel sorry for them because thas a heavy burden to bare on the heart and on the pockets of the do gooders.

as for AS for the puppy becoming spoiled if not neutered, thats bull as well. I am thinking who in the f%$@# told u that...cause that just sounds like someone's opinion and is definitely not a fact because our pets, if they are indoor pets are spoiled more than most pets anyway.

I applaud you for being a non conformist in this situation and taking the information for yourself and making your own conclusion according to your own needs because thas exactly how this site is supposed to work.

God Bless
Kisses! lol

This is why I have a spay/neuter contract on my pet puppies and will not grant AKC papers until proof of spay and neuter. And will probably end up spaying and neutering before leaving to a new pet home. If that means keeping a puppy longer to insure spay/neuter so be it :)
Donna Bird
Brooklynn's Yorkshire Terriers

mizzwanned 09-18-2007 12:24 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Bizzymammabee (Post 1377534)
A lot of men (not saying that this is the case here) feel that neutering is wrong becuase your removing the manhood of the dog (my dad is old school and thinks like this too) and that clouds their judgment. They seem to equate their dogs manliness and fertility with their own.

Like my bf. He doesn't want to get Teddy neutered cause he feels its wrong to take away his manhood but i am all for neutering him. I've had enough of him marking everything and drooling over London. I know he still might mark afterwards but atleast he won't always be thinking of getting it on and it is safer for him.

mizzwanned 09-18-2007 12:27 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Superstarkba (Post 1377579)
I disagree when you said " it doesn't change their personality." Because Aubrey is not hiper or anythign like he used to be. Every now and then he will start running around, but now he mostly just lays around.

I heard it changes their personality too and i do want to neuter Teddy but he is very active now and i don't want him to change. I don't want him to get lazy and fat. My last dog, we neutered him and he did gain a lot of weight and didn't like to walk as much after he got neutered:(

La Princesa 09-18-2007 12:30 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Brooklynn (Post 1377604)
This is why I have a spay/neuter contract on my pet puppies and will not grant AKC papers until proof of spay and neuter. And will probably end up spaying and neutering before leaving to a new pet home. If that means keeping a puppy longer to insure spay/neuter so be it :)
Donna Bird
Brooklynn's Yorkshire Terriers

when i said ignoring what the breeder said I am meaning owning a dog in general. I dont wanna offend and breeders in here. i still believe what i believe but if the dog is not going to be breed then its seems mainly testicular cancer would be a great reason to neuter. You usually Yorkies and in the home where they cant get out to mate. If a its not going to be bred the fine its your choice. To me there is more to why you should neuter. but if i was a breeder protecting my lines then i would neuter each pup myself before selling. I have always said that to my friends as well cause some people don't respect a contract they just want a pup. ;)

But when i see so many mutts out on the street I say why not neuter. if i just had one and no contract i would not neuter and would not breed. But with two i think its a must.
As for as the AKC papers. has a scary thing because so many people have problems getting them because their breeder wasn't reputable. unfortunately for many its the luck of the draw and I got lucky i found a breeder who i could actually trust to get me the papers with my proof of neutering.

I so agree with you on the last part of your post. I think if more people took the time to do this then they would have less problems with more back yard breeders popping up.

lara2913 09-18-2007 12:38 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mizzwanned (Post 1377626)
I heard it changes their personality too and i do want to neuter Teddy but he is very active now and i don't want him to change. I don't want him to get lazy and fat. My last dog, we neutered him and he did gain a lot of weight and didn't like to walk as much after he got neutered:(

You have to manage it, both my boys are neutered and they love their walks. Sometimes vets advise reducing food by 10% post neuter but it just depends on the dog.

ARCHIE 09-18-2007 12:48 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mizzwanned (Post 1377626)
I heard it changes their personality too and i do want to neuter Teddy but he is very active now and i don't want him to change. I don't want him to get lazy and fat. My last dog, we neutered him and he did gain a lot of weight and didn't like to walk as much after he got neutered:(



I have had three male dogs neutered over the years and I can honestly
say I have not seen any difference in their personality.

Buddy is 3 1/2 and still runs and has the energy of a puppy. At times
I wish he would slow down. I can't understand anyone's dog just lying
around doing nothing. Perhaps is just the personality of some.
If a dog is not being used to breed it is the responsiblity of the owner
to assure that his pet will not bring unwanted pups into an already
over populated world of unloved and homeless dogs.

JCarlson2004 09-18-2007 12:55 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mizzwanned (Post 1377626)
I heard it changes their personality too and i do want to neuter Teddy but he is very active now and i don't want him to change. I don't want him to get lazy and fat. My last dog, we neutered him and he did gain a lot of weight and didn't like to walk as much after he got neutered:(

My Codie is neutered and he's sooo not overweight. He loves to go for walks and the only change in her personality is he has become more loving and sweet over time (but that's a great thing!!!). :p I was worried about him changing in a bad way but that never happened. I'm so glad I had him neutered.

PS - Your Teddy is so stinkin cute!! :p

JCarlson2004 09-18-2007 12:56 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Brooklynn (Post 1377604)
This is why I have a spay/neuter contract on my pet puppies and will not grant AKC papers until proof of spay and neuter. And will probably end up spaying and neutering before leaving to a new pet home. If that means keeping a puppy longer to insure spay/neuter so be it :)
Donna Bird
Brooklynn's Yorkshire Terriers

I don't know you but I can tell from this post alone that you are DEFINITELY someone I would buy a dog from. I'm a firm believer in spaying/neutering too. :thumbup: :thumbup:

If I were a breeder, I'd spay/neuter the pups before they left my house to ENSURE that it's done. I agree with you on that. If someone wanted to buy an unaltered dog, they would have to look someone else.

JCarlson2004 09-18-2007 12:59 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by La Princesa (Post 1377633)
but if i was a breeder protecting my lines then i would neuter each pup myself before selling. I have always said that to my friends as well cause some people don't respect a contract they just want a pup.

I agree. :thumbup: Someone may not care about AKC papers and won't respect a contract. Better safe than sorry.

Kbsqueff 09-18-2007 01:02 PM

I usually do not post my opinion on threads like this but I'll give it a try...:D

It's true when someone said that S/N procedure is easier on the males than on the females... And as it was pointed out before, S/N will NOT prevent ALL sort of cancers.

Neutering prevents: testicular cancer.
Spaying prevents: pyometra. And when the spaying is done BEFORE the 1st heat, there's a chance of 0.5% of developing breast cancer - chances to develop breast cancer get higher after 1st heat.

I am NOT a breeder (my Dad used to breed german shepards, though:rolleyes:) and I don't intend to be, but....(please don't hate me:blush:).... I'm too afraid to have my girls spayed :eek: Since Maggie already had her 2nd heat, her chances of developing breast cancer are higher, so IF she happens to NEED a surgery to take off the lumps then I will have her spayed all together...

The same goes to Hannah, because she weights only 2lb...:(

After all I said, I think it's a personnal decision...:) Now please, don't shoot me!:D

mizzwanned 09-18-2007 01:27 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by lara2913 (Post 1377645)
You have to manage it, both my boys are neutered and they love their walks. Sometimes vets advise reducing food by 10% post neuter but it just depends on the dog.

For the most part he is very healthy and i do not overfeed him. He is skinny but eats very well and is so active so im hoping he doesnt change.

mizzwanned 09-18-2007 01:29 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by ARCHIE (Post 1377669)
I have had three male dogs neutered over the years and I can honestly
say I have not seen any difference in their personality.

Buddy is 3 1/2 and still runs and has the energy of a puppy. At times
I wish he would slow down. I can't understand anyone's dog just lying
around doing nothing. Perhaps is just the personality of some.
If a dog is not being used to breed it is the responsiblity of the owner
to assure that his pet will not bring unwanted pups into an already
over populated world of unloved and homeless dogs.

Ok thank you! I'm glad to hear that :thumbup: :) I am sooo praying that he stays the same. I mean when he was a puppy he was soooooooooo hyper, me and my bf were just praying for at least some of his energy to go down and it has a bit but he is still hyper at times and just has the best personality, still acts like a puppy so i want him to stay that way. I think that Yorkies in general, their puppyhood lasts longer than most dogs. My last dog was a Cavalier, and he was diff. than my yorkies, i guess that's why

mizzwanned 09-18-2007 01:30 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by JCarlson2004 (Post 1377682)
My Codie is neutered and he's sooo not overweight. He loves to go for walks and the only change in her personality is he has become more loving and sweet over time (but that's a great thing!!!). :p I was worried about him changing in a bad way but that never happened. I'm so glad I had him neutered.

PS - Your Teddy is so stinkin cute!! :p

Awww thank you! He is such a little baby at heart. Cody is so friggin adorable too!!! I love seeing pics of him!:p

lara2913 09-18-2007 01:30 PM

Yeah cavs are super placid and very prone to weight gain unfortunatly. Gorgeous dogs though.

daisy mae06 09-18-2007 01:39 PM

To each his/her own
 
I neutered Kodi at 5 years old. He has not changed a bit. The vet I used to go to who did alot of things for free.. Is a male himself said once. "If all males were to be Nuetered K9 or human we would not have the problem we do with Cancer". He is now retired or I would still be going to him today.
Kodi could not reproduce. So was there a need to Nueter? Well some would say no, but I did it to help give him a chance at a longer healthier life.

Kiwiglaze 09-18-2007 01:41 PM

Discussions like these make me wonder why there isn't "doggy birth control". I know a lot of people who are too afraid to get their small dogs spayed/neutered because of the stress of the operation. Or other folks who don't want their boy or girl to lose a part of themselves. It seems as though it would be easier to get a really cheap form of birth control out there for those who want to curb the hormones, but don't want an operation.

And as far as spaying/neutering goes, I volunteer at an animal shelter, so I see what happens when people don't take responsibility for their dogs' reproduction. I spay and neuter because it gives me security and I think it makes my dogs happier, as they are not slaves to their hormones.

Wylie's Mom 09-18-2007 01:42 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by daisy mae06 (Post 1377808)
The vet I used to go to who did alot of things for free.. Is a male himself said once. "If all males were to be Nuetered K9 or human we would not have the problem we do with Cancer".

Soooooo then, all males, human and otherwise, should have their testicles removed just in case of the chance of cancer? :eek: Um, any men want to chime in? :rolleyes: :D :rolleyes:

Potter 09-18-2007 02:22 PM

I think this is a very personal decision and the responsibility has to be borned by the owner and the owner itself. I have decided to not neuter Siu Pao as it has been stated many months ago after doing lots of reading and research. About testiscular cancer, sure the chances of testicular cancer is next to none because there is no testicular but there is also the link that bone cancer and some other types of cancer (I do not remember what it was) is higher due to S/N. Still, I think more research has to be done before things are more clear. For me, I am planning to have only one dog so I think I will not run into the problem where owners of multiple dogs faces and I take full responsibility of him not being able to impregnate other dogs. The good thing is he doesn't mark and doesn't hump.

kalina82 09-18-2007 02:50 PM

just from my experience working at an emergency clinic for almost a year now, i've noticed a trend. Most of the hit by car dogs that come in are intact males. Most of the no warning aggressive dogs are intact males (they can be the sweetest things at home but with other people or in a strange environment they are total psychos). I do not like working with intact males. in fact most of my bite marks on my arms come from intact males (the rest are from cat claws). They also constantly have schmegma coming from their penis which then happens to get on my hands/arms/clothes while working on them. totally not a fan....

Healthwise, neutering reduces the risk of testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and other prostate related problems. vet's do not tell you think because they want to make more money by roping in another surgery, these are facts, not opinions.

daisy mae06 09-18-2007 03:52 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Wylie's Mom (Post 1377818)
Soooooo then, all males, human and otherwise, should have their testicles removed just in case of the chance of cancer? :eek: Um, any men want to chime in? :rolleyes: :D :rolleyes:

hehehe Thats what my male vet said LOL

judyeve 09-19-2007 08:38 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by remus (Post 1377363)
I understand everyones angles and reasoning behind neutering.
I seriously doubt Rocky will go around the neighborhood fornicating other dogs, as he is in a 1 bedromm apratment all to himself during the day.:D

And he isnt marking or lifting legs yet. Dont froget , my last Yorkie, Remi, wasnt neutered and he peed on everything vertical, at home. It was a nightmare.

Rocky is also 3.6 lbs, at 9 month, and has been 3.6 lbs for the past 3 month. I am afraid operation will be hard for him.
SO with everyting going against the operation, I think I will stay away from it for now.

You already know about the "nightmare" of marking - and it is! I wish I had neutered Max as young as possible, looking back. It might not have mattered, but if I had neutered him before he began marking and he never started, I could have avoided months of retraining after marking. My carpet still has the odor in the pad. I have a new little puppy and she can smell that which may make it harder to train her. Monday morning quarterbacking!

So...maybe you can do your research now. I would advise you not to wait and see if he begins to mark, if you do decide to neuter. Within 2 weeks, there was nothing that hadn't been marked, and just was a lot of trouble.

I understand what you mean about being traditional though. Who neutered dogs back in the 60's and 70's? You kept a close eye on them and that was that.

Kiwiglaze 09-19-2007 09:24 AM

I understand what you mean about being traditional though. Who neutered dogs back in the 60's and 70's? You kept a close eye on them and that was that.[/QUOTE]

Unfortunately, not everyone was responsible with their pets and now we have a huge pet overpopulation problem which results in millions of dogs and cats being euthanized every year. It is hard to watch your pets every minute and even the most responsible person can make a mistake, and then there are those who don't care and let their dog mate with anything.

So I understand why someone might think they will just be really careful, but can you really be with your dog every single second?

AMD 09-19-2007 09:31 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Kiwiglaze (Post 1379745)
I understand what you mean about being traditional though. Who neutered dogs back in the 60's and 70's? You kept a close eye on them and that was that.

Unfortunately, not everyone was responsible with their pets and now we have a huge pet overpopulation problem which results in millions of dogs and cats being euthanized every year. It is hard to watch your pets every minute and even the most responsible person can make a mistake, and then there are those who don't care and let their dog mate with anything.

So I understand why someone might think they will just be really careful, but can you really be with your dog every single second?

I agree with the above poster.
Reputable breeders, by no means, want you to spay or neuter because they loose money if you don't. They only want to protect their breed, in which they have a passion for. If they sell you a quality dog, they would be happy to see you breed it to the right dog and improve their line.

Brooklynn 09-19-2007 10:00 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by AMD (Post 1379767)
I agree with the above poster.
Reputable breeders, by no means, want you to spay or neuter because they loose money if you don't. They only want to protect their breed, in which they have a passion for. If they sell you a quality dog, they would be happy to see you breed it to the right dog and improve their line.

I'm a reputable breeder and I will NOT sell WITHOUT a spay/neuter contract! I don't want the lines I develop or those lines of breeders that entrusted me with them to fall into the "wrong hands" . I will only sell with breeding rights to someone that is going to show and finish my dogs to their championship and only to those I know since I'm still in the learning stages of this aspect. I have a passion for this breed and no I don't make money because I don't sell that much. I improve my developing lines by careful breeding not by selling to someone that just wants to breed and not exhibit.
Donna Bird
Brooklynn's Yorkshire Terriers

AMD 09-19-2007 10:08 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Brooklynn (Post 1379854)
I'm a reputable breeder and I will NOT sell WITHOUT a spay/neuter contract! I don't want the lines I develop or those lines of breeders that entrusted me with them to fall into the "wrong hands" . I will only sell with breeding rights to someone that is going to show and finish my dogs to their championship and only to those I know since I'm still in the learning stages of this aspect. I have a passion for this breed and no I don't make money because I don't sell that much. I improve my developing lines by careful breeding not by selling to someone that just wants to breed and not exhibit.
Donna Bird
Brooklynn's Yorkshire Terriers

Sorry, I wasn't very clear with my last sentence. I didn't mean any breeder will just hand you a great dog and hope you do well with it. You have to prove yourself to them, before they'll touch you with a pole. My point was that money is not the reason breeders require a spay/neuter. They have a passion for the breed, and aren't going to let you ruin their years of hard work developing their line.


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 01:25 PM.

Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168