I got my pup 3 weeks ago and his first week he was JUST like that. I'd be out for 30 minutes or so but I'd use the same phrase "go potty" and keep saying it and when he goes I'd praise him and give him a little treat. Make sure to ONLY give this treat outside and only for going potty. Now he goes right away as soon as I take him out and he knows that when I pick up his "treat" bag that its time to go outside and he's still just 12 weeks old! I'm still trying desperately to teach him how to let me know when he has to go so I'm still taking him out as much as I can but I'm hopeful he'll catch on
Just be patient and he'll go!!