miss buffey did this once when she was a puppy and me being the protective, worrying mommy emailed her breeder lol...she had just eaten and then started running around playing and she threw up (same scenario as you) ... her breeder told me i should let her rest after she eats (about 30 minutes) and she would be fine...she just needed to digest her food a little and rest a bit after eating
after i started making her rest after eating, she has never done it again

HTH!