Hi there. Welcome to YT (little late, sorry). I just moved to the westcoast after living on the Wisconsin/ Minnesota border, but in Packer land
Despite the cold weather, I have taken Trixie outside from the moment I got her (and we didn't have a fenced in yard). I've never used potty pads. In my mind, I thought if I'd let her use a potty pad, it would be approving her going in the house. And I would not like the smell of doggy poop or pee in my house... It takes work and dedication, but it pays off.