Why didn't the crate work?? We've had Hercules for almost 5 weeks now and we've always put him in the crate at night and during the day. He wines for a little bit and then usually settles in and goes to sleep.
Some of the suggestions I heard about helping the puppies getting used to the crate were to put his food in there so he associates it with positive things. Or give him a treat to eat while in there. And also work your way up to leaving him in there for longer periods of time. Like at first just leave him in for like 15 minutes while you are near by and work your way up to longer amounts of time.
I'm also a renter, so I understand the worries about messing up the place! But hey at least we'll have him housetrained before we buy our own house!