He should never have let you leave his office without telling you exactly what he did and what you should expect. I had a similar experience when I was young with an older dentist who was a known alcholic. Very bad experience. I don't know if the root can attach to the bone, but I have had enough teeth pulled to know that what happened to you was not right. I would go to another dentist. Wisdom teeth can be real problems, but the rest of the teeth shouldn't be. My last dentist had to pull a molar that had broken off and none of it was sticking above my gumline. I shut my eyes, grabbed the chair arms and squeezed with all my might, and he started laughing at me saying I could let go, it was out.
I never even felt him tug. You definetly shouldn't be in this much pain. If it doesn't get better real soon, you should see someone else, just in case he damaged your jaw and didn't want to tell you. He may have knocked other teeth loose, too. Good luck and I hope you start feeling better soon.