Nobody would ever be allowed to have a puppy if we couldn't have them while working full-time. Is it always ideal? No. Do puppies need a ton of work? Yep. But dogs are also very adaptable creatures.
When they are young - definitely would not leave a pup for longer than a few hours. In the beginning, you may need to utilize a dog walker. Or forever. I am a dog walker and we have many different types of clients. Some just want their dogs to have a 15 min break/stretch in the yard. Others want a 30-45 min walk etc. Puppies will sometimes have 2 let outs in the beginning depending on how long the person works.
As an adult dog, Jackson is okay to stay home for 8-9 hours even though I prefer not to go over 6 hours. Also, he has always been outdoor potty trained, so we immediately began that at 9 weeks old (I got him a bit too early)-- can't imagine waiting until 5-6 months to potty train.

Just be smart about where you take pup (I'd avoid pet stores, dog parks, etc if a young dog that is not fully vaccinated yet).
It's up to you on the puppy vs. adult thing. They are both great for different reasons.