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Originally Posted by gemy  Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time - Sorenmo - 2003 - Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - Wiley Online Library
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, March, 2003. 10.1046/j.1476-5829.2003.00007.x Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time
K. U. Sorenmo, M. Goldschmidt, F. Shofer, C. Goldkamp, J. Ferracone Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize canine prostate cancer using immunohistochemical staining specific for acinar and urothelial/ductal tissue and correlate these results with the dogs' castration status/castration time. Seventy dogs with prostate cancer were included, 71% were castrated and 29% were intact. Compared with an age-matched control population, castrated dogs were at increased risk of prostate cancer, odds ratio 3.9. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 58 cases. Forty-six of the 58 stained positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) (ductal/urothelial origin) and one of the 58 stained positive for prostate-specific antigen. Dogs with CK 7-positive tumours were younger when castrated than dogs with CK 7-negative tumours, 2 versus 7 years (P = 0.03); dogs castrated at ≤2 years of age were more likely to be CK 7-positive (P = 0.009). These results show that most canine prostatic carcinomas are of ductal/urothelial, androgen-independent origin. This is consistent with the epidemiological findings, showing increased risk in castrated dogs. Canine prostate cancer may, therefore, not be a realistic model for the human disease. Figures No figures found. http://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/dat...ABAAEAAAIBRAA7 Figure 1 | Immunohistochemistry, validation of staining specificity. (A) Normal control prostate in an intact male dog: strong positive staining with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in acinar tissue, ×300; (B) normal prostate of neonatal dog (21 days): negative staining with PSA, ×150; (C) normal prostate in a mature castrated dog: strong positive staining with cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) in prostatic ducts, ×300; (D) normal prostate: strong positive staining of prostatic ducts with CK 7, no staining of acinar tissue, ×300; (E) normal prostate of neonatal dog (21 days): strong positive staining of prostatic ducts with CK 7, ×150; (F) normal bladder epithelium: strong positive staining with CK 7, ×300 http://www.yorkietalk.com/forums/dat...ABAAEAAAIBRAA7 Figure 2 | Immunohistochemistry, canine prostatic carcinoma. (A) Strong positive staining with cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) in a male castrated dog, ×300; (B) weak multifocal staining with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in an intact male dog, ×300; (C) negative staining with CK 7 in an intact male dog, ×300. Share this article
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Only 70 dogs in the study, mostly larger breeds. Here is the concluding paragraph of the study:
"Despite the fact that early castration may not protect against prostate cancer, there may be other advantages associated with castration such as behaviour modification and prevention of other diseases of the prostate and testes (
Krawiec, 1989;
Krawiec & Heflin, 1992;
Neilson et al., 1997). In addition, castration is also advocated in the US as a means to control the pet population (
Olson & Moulton, 1993;
Stubbs & Bloomberg, 1995;
Howe, 1997). Nevertheless, the results from this study clarify the discrepancies regarding canine prostate cancer and its hormonal association. Further studies are warranted to study the mechanisms involved in the possible protective effects of testicular hormones against prostate cancer development in dogs."
Here is the info on the breeds in this study:
"Information regarding signalment and clinical data was available on 70 dogs, 35 from the biopsy population and 35 from the necropsy population. The median age was 10 years (range 5–18.5 years). Twenty-eight dogs were mixed breeds: seven German shepherds, five Labrador retrievers, four German shorthair pointers and several other pure breeds were represented with one to two cases each. Most dogs with prostate cancer in both the biopsy as well as the necropsy population were castrated, with 49 (70%) being castrated and 21 (30%) being intact. The median age of castration was 2 years (range 2–14 years). Information regarding castration age was missing in five cases. Compared with the neuter status in a control population of frequency age-matched dogs with other tumours (39% castrated versus 61% intact), it was found that there was an increased risk of prostate carcinoma in castrated dogs: OR = 3.9, P < 0.0001, 95% CI = 2.3 to 6.8."