I forgot to mention, I didn't use disposable potty pads. (didn't want to take a chance that they would shred and possibly choke). I used the quilted pads from RDB911 here on YT. I only use disposable when we travel. To make sure the puppy knows what the pad was for, I would take a tissue outside with them and blot some pee when they went, then blot it on the pad. They smell their pee and then they know. Works like a charm. (as long as they are in the expen, and not running all over the house, which is a major no no). In the evening, I would put them on the sofa with me to play, cuddle, nap and all, but off to the pad when they started sniffing.