The bones that your butcher gave you are the wrong bones for your pup. You want soft, meaty bones, not dense, bare, weight-bearing bones from big animals. These bones are commonly sold as soup bones, dog bones or marrow bones, and they will break teeth.
Bones are fine as long as they are enclosed in a blanket of soft meat. Make a meal out of it and toss your pup a chicken quarter, quail or a slab of pork ribs. Your puppy will love it, his teeth will be clean, and no harm done.