Thank you for the citation to the article. It contained the answer to my question about incontinence from spaying. Here is what it said:
The most striking feature of urethral sphincter incompetence, however, is that the overwhelming majority of cases are spayed bitches.
The onset of incontinence can take place immediately after surgery or many years later. In most cases, incontinence is observed about three years after spaying. Obviously, the underlying mechanism of incontinence in these dogs must be related to ovariohysterectomy. Some veterinary urologists believe the culprit is low post-surgical estrogen concentrations. |