If he's having trouble breathing, take him to the vet right away.
Yes, some don't handle it well. It's also recommended to start them on a double dose for the first 2 weeks or so. My dog refused his food. So I ground up the tabs and started adding a small amount (1/8 tsp) at each feeding. I'll increase it slowly so his body and taste buds can adjust.
From:
Glucosamine & Chondroitin for Hip Dysplasia & Arthritis in Dogs
Glucosamine hydrochloride (HCl) and glucosamine sulfate both work equally well in dogs. The sulfate form was originally used in Europe. The HCl form has recently become more popular because it is purer and provides more available glucosamine per unit weight and contains much less residual ash.
Most is derived from shells and shark/whale or bovine cartilage. Does he have allergies to seafood?
The article said too some will vomit, but just decrease the amount given.
Also look at different manufacturers, as they may have different inert ingredients, if a lesser amount bothers him too.
Just saw your post... yes I would skip tonight get a meal or two in him, and try in a day or two but add a much smaller amount. Maybe he can build up a tolerance to it.