Migratory birds may seek respite within trees or on buildings considered
private property. The
Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 prohibits the removal of all listed species or their parts (feathers, eggs, nests, etc.) from such property. However, in extreme circumstances, a federal permit might be obtained for the relocation of listed species (in some states a state permit is required
in addition to a federal permit). Pursuant to the spirit of the treaty, it is not trivial to obtain a permit; the applicant must meet a certain criteria as outlined in Title 50,
Code of Federal Regulations, 21.27, Special Purpose Permits.
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The permit applicant is generally a contractor who specializes in wildlife relocation. When hiring a contractor to trap and relocate any animal from one's property, the private property owner is well advised to attain proof of such permits before any trapping activity begins, as trapping without the necessary paperwork is common in the United States.
Most wildlife management professionals consider relocation actions undue harm to the birds, particularly since relocated birds (being migratory) often return to the same property the next year. In the case of trapping and relocation,
harm is brought on by or can result in:
Breaking, a term describing increased susceptibility to disease brought on by the stress of capture and relocation
Difficulty in establishing territory at the new location
Separation of family members and the stunting of juveniles' natural progression into adulthood