I know how to read people food labels, but I don't know how much of translates to doggie food. I'll give it a try. Anyone is free to correct me if I'm wrong.
Ingredients are listed from most to least. The first thing that is listed in the ingredient list is what the food is made mostly of.
Crude means that the ___ is not changed in any way. for example, crude protein is protein that wasn't altered by the cooking process.
Max moisture tells you just how much water is in the kibble, they list max so you know how much possible moisture can exist in their food, but it can always be less.
Guidelines for what they should have in their food, wish I knew! I know nothing about doggy nutrition. The best I can do is choose a food with the least amount of fillers and fat, is made in a way I'm comfortable with, and produces good poops, less eye gunk, no tearing, and is something he will eat. I think research and trying is our best bet.
__________________ Littlest JakJak 
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