we have coyotes in our neighborhood as well as owls and hawks. I have a 12 x 12 covered pen that is right off of my living room with a dog door access. I feel preety good about them going outside into the pen at night. They also use pee pads. A couple of months ago I was outside with a larger yorkie and as I was opening the door to come in I felt something hit the back of my head. I looked up and saw a hawk flying towards the tree. That hawk was trying to get my baby with me standing right there next to him. I think what safed him was the fact that we were close to the house and the hawk felt a little trapped. I was so shocked. Now they just use the pen.