IDK, but with my puppy he does not seem to mind, we do crate him while my hubby and I are at work, I also just started a new job after being unemployed for a little over a year. We did this as a trial but we knew he would be able to hold it so we went ahead and crated him, the first day I put a pee pad in there with him but he tore that up quick, when I got home I took him out and he took the longest pee I ever saw him take, it reminded me of that Movie "A League of their own" with Tom Hanks. LoL
Lestat has ever minded spending lots of time in his crate. the only difference in behavior since we began doing this is that he gets a little bit more excited when my hubby and I get home, but we don't seem to mind that at all.