I know that 10.5 weeks seems very young, but you can start teaching him right away. I started training June at eight weeks and by 10 weeks, she had a great recall and knew her name very well. I may be a little over-eager, but June graduated from her first obedience class at 12 weeks. She knows her name, has a great recall, can sit, lie down, sit up and stand on her hind legs by 18 weeks.
You just have to keep the sessions very short (5 treats) and although they can be bouncy at time, the earlier they learn that obeying you gets them rewards, the better.
I have heard of puppies leaving the breeder at 10 weeks already knowing their names, recalls and performing a trick or two, so it is definitely not too early.
I started really early with June and she is most obedient dog I have ever seen. She is still a puppy and gets into things, but she drops something that she shouldn't be playing with immediately after I tell her to, she waits for me when I tell her and overall, she is just very obedient.
Except for the shortened training sessions, there is no reason to not start training now. Don't expect miracles, just make it fun.
Try tiny pieces of cheese for treats (tiny, tiny treats). These are completely healthy in small amount and the calcium is very good for the little growing bones. If the pup isn't food motivated, use his favourite toy as a reward.
Have fun!!
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