Yay! Bailey's finally getting it!
I think the problem all along might have been that I was trying to train in the kitchen, which has vinyl flooring. Maybe the vinyl's too cold for her little bottom. I brought her in the living room for play time and noticed she was sitting a lot on the carpet, so every time she sat I told her "sit" and just gave her a piece of her dry food. After a while I tried with her favorite treats and she's definitely catching on. She may not sit as soon as I say sit, but when she sees the treat it doesn't take her long to try sitting to get it.