I was told to hold the treat just in front of their face, just above their nose and make an upward motion so they look up and their backsides go down for sit. For down, hold the treat the same way and make the motion to the floor and he will follow. The others are little more complicated and I either recommend a training book or classes. In class, I learned a lot about me as well as them. It's not just about the end result, it is about how to get there. Just remember, patience, it will happen. Good luck.
