I'm not an expert or anything but just some thoughts I'm having on it. I would think that if you did x-rays, you'd be able to see if the patellar groove is too shallow or not. If the groove is too shallow, then it's obviously genetic. If your dog's legs are bowed, that's genetic. If the ligaments holding the patella in the groove seem to be damaged, it's probably an injury. I would think by looking at x-rays, you'd be able to tell a lot. But like I said, not an expert on this (yet anyway...I'm really interested in orthopedics so I'm sure I'll be learning a lot more about it over the next few years)
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