YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community


Welcome to the YorkieTalk.com Forums Community - the community for Yorkshire Terriers.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. You will be able to chat with over 35,000 YorkieTalk members, read over 2,000,000 posted discussions, and view more than 15,000 Yorkie photos in the YorkieTalk Photo Gallery after you register. We would love to have you as a member!

Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please click here to contact us.

Go Back   YorkieTalk.com Forums - Yorkshire Terrier Community > YorkieTalk > General Yorkshire Terrier Discussion
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar JavaChat Mark Forums Read

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
Old 03-01-2008, 09:28 PM   #1
YT 3000 Club Member
 
romeos mommy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Pennsauken , NJ
Posts: 4,068
Confused is this true?

i heard that dressing yorkies in bright colors will deter hawks and owls. it confuses them because they will be sure they are not a rat or squirrel. is this true?
__________________
Bernadette & Romeo
romeos mommy is offline   Reply With Quote
Welcome Guest!
Not Registered?

Join today and remove this ad!

Old 03-01-2008, 09:30 PM   #2
YT 3000 Club Member
 
Rae Rae's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2006
Location: Illinois
Posts: 4,823
Default

Good question, I was wondering about this myself the other day actually.
__________________
Owned by Rocky and Bella
Rae Rae is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2008, 09:32 PM   #3
Izzy's Momma Too!
Donating Member
 
LunasMomma's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2006
Location: Stuart, Florida
Posts: 8,799
Default

Hmmm...something to think about, that's for sure! It makes sense, but it could also help them to pick out the dog easier from the background too

We need a wildlife expert here
__________________
Tracy, Mom to Izzy and Luna
LunasMomma is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2008, 09:34 PM   #4
No Longer a Member
 
Join Date: Nov 2007
Location: way down South
Posts: 860
Default

I have chickens and they are not bright colors and the hawks and owls have taken about 4 this winter. poor babys!
Rosey07 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2008, 10:06 PM   #5
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
mojo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2005
Location: Here, there
Posts: 2,693
Default

I hope I am not hijacking your thread here, but I wanted to know (as I heard one for the first time the other night) if an owl could pick up a 6/7 pound yorkie. Is that possible and wouldnt the dog bite if it did? Just wondering how worried I should be?.
__________________
Bella (I miss you) Sachi Emmy
mojo is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-01-2008, 10:18 PM   #6
YT 3000 Club Member
 
yorkiekist's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: HOT, HOT, HOT AZ
Posts: 3,150
Default

I dont think that bright colors will deter a hawk or an owl. If I remember correctly, I believe they are colorblind.(not sure though) They are opportunists and if hungry enough will swoop down on any small animal. Also, its hard for an animal to bite a hawk or owl if they are being carried away by the skin of the back and neck by very sharp talons. there is not much to bite. some might get lucky and squirm enough that the bird drops them.
yorkiekist is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 07:43 AM   #7
Donating YT 10K Club Member
 
chattiesmom's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Alabama
Posts: 17,674
Default

This is just opinion and observation but I don't think that bright clothes would deter a hungry hawk or owl. What they would see is a small moving object that could be food.
chattiesmom is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 08:03 AM   #8
Donating YT 500 Club Member
 
deb22's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: us
Posts: 1,500
Default

I actually read some where that they are attracted to bright colors.
__________________
Deb and Penny (aka Miss Picky Pants)
Member of the Spoiled Rotten Club
deb22 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 08:04 AM   #9
Donating YT 1000 Club Member
 
Mizzrosa's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: brooklyn
Posts: 2,369
Default

thats just nuts thank god we dont have hawks here
__________________
Lil Miss Martini Butt & Mommy~Proud member of Petite Pups United! & Proud member of the Spoiled Rotten Club & Lil Heartbreakers Club
Mizzrosa is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 08:46 AM   #10
Donating YT 4000 Club Member
 
yorkiesmiles's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Iowa
Posts: 9,493
Default

I keep thinking about moving to a different state - but I have to tell you that I am so scared of moving somewhere that has hawk/owl or other wild animal problems - mine just love going outside and being out there at their leisure when the weather is nice
__________________
yorkiesmiles
Loved by Bubba & Roxy
Holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and is to come
yorkiesmiles is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 09:25 AM   #11
"& Seeger, too"
Donating Member
 
Shelby&Seymour's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: Central Kentucky
Posts: 5,169
Default hawks DO see color...here's the answer... but it is long...

This says that they DO see color.. ... now to determine if clothing would ward off or attract is the next question..... I would think that because it isn't "natural" for prey to be in clothing.... a hawk would shy away from it..... but .....
According to this.... the bright contrast helps a bird find the prey cause it "stands out".from its surroundings.. ???????? I will keep researching............




Birds' and Bees' Color Vision
[Updated]
A table listing the wavelengths and frequencies
for the peak sensitivities of
• human's three types of cone,
• cat's three types of cone,
• dog's two types of cone,
and peak solar output.

Color Wavelength Frequency
infrared longer than 700 nm,
(invisible to humans; may be felt as heat) fewer than 430 THz
deep red: 700 nanometers,
(longest visible wavelength for humans) 430 terahertz
red (human peak): 575 nm 520 terahertz
dog peak in yellow-green: 555 nm 540 terahertz
cat peak in yellow-green: 550 nm 540 terahertz
green (human peak): 535 nm 560 terahertz
cat peak in the light-blue-green: 500 nm 600 terahertz
solar peak: 480 – 520 nm,
(in the light blue to green range, depending on the temperature used to represent the surface of the sun, which is not clearly defined) 620 – 580 THz
cat peak in blue: 450 nm 666 terahertz
human peak in blue: 445 nm 674 terahertz
dog peak in blue-violet 429 nanometers,
700 terahertz
violet 400 nm,
(shortest visible wavelength for humans, except for a few) 750 terahertz
ultraviolet less than 400 nm,
(invisible to humans, although I read that in World War II the US Navy found that a few sailors could see further into the ultraviolet than most) more than 750 THz

Sources:
http://www.photo.net/photo/edscott/vis00010.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu...on/colcon.html
Birds can see ultraviolet and have at least four types of color sensitive cone cells. Humans have only three types of cone. (`Rods' are for dimmer, grey, night vision.)

On the other hand, bees are like humans in that they have only three receptor types. But in contrast to humans, bees are sensitive to ultraviolet but not to red.

Ronn Blankenship, who started me on this, said that dogs have two types of color sensitive cones, not three like humans. They see like certain kinds of color blind humans. Blankenship added that to help humans with red-green color blindness, the lights in traffic signals are red-orange and blue-green. This way the lights do not look exactly the same.

Update: A site for veterinarians says that


Dogs have cones that are receptive at 429 and 555 nm and are dichromats. All evidence suggests that the dog is dichromat with vision similar to a human who is red-green color blind.
Blankenship went on to say that cats have at least two types of cone, and possibly three, but that

... the number of cones per unit area of the [cat] retina is significantly less than in the human retina, so cats probably see colors as rather pale and washed out.
Update: The veterinarians' site says that cats are weak trichromats. Feline cones peak at 450, 500 and 555 nm. They live in a world of fuzzy pastels.

He added that `some types of birds have five types of cone'. I find it impossible to imagine such a bird's color vision. They see many more shades than we.

Blankenship provides more detail:

A bird's retina actually has three types of photoreceptors that `translate' light into nervous impulses:
rods — black & white vision in dim light
cones — color vision in bright light
double cones — color vision
Moreover, according to Blankenship's link,

... bird retinas, in contrast to human retinas, contain no blood vessels. This prevents shadows and light scattering, which cut down on human vision.
Update: The veterinarians' site says that acuity is 30 cycles per degree (cpd) for humans, 18 cpd for horses, 12 cpd for dogs and 6 cpd for cats , which means a resolution of

1 arc-minute for humans
1.67 arc-minutes for horses
5 arc-minutes for cats
2.5 arc-minutes for dogs
Many birds see more acutely than humans,

The denser that cone cells are, the sharper is the perceived image. The human eye has at most 200,000 cones per square millimeter, while House Sparrows have approximately twice that number. Hawks, who must spot small prey from the sky, possess about five times as many as humans! Songbirds and predators such as hawks are believed to have the sharpest vision among birds. They can see details at distances two to three times farther away than humans.
If I understand this right, hawks' resolution is 12 arc-seconds!

The veterinarians' site also says

Dogs and cats appear to respond to the blue and yellow short-wave length colors the best, but appear to have trouble with green and red. Both are also rod-dominant animals. As rods do not function in daylight these animals are dependent on their few cones for spatial and temporal visual resolution, which probably means that their blue and yellow visual world is a fuzzy blue and yellow world. What appears red to us is simply dark to the dog and cat, and a part of the green spectrum is indistinguishable from white. Colors that would appear very rich to us are more pastel-like to the cat. The cat sees a green, grassy lawn as a whitish lawn, and a green rose-bush as a whitish bush with dark flowers.
Blankenship goes on to say

I have read that an owl's eyes are around 100 times as sensitive to light as the average human's (a cat's are 6 times as sensitive).... ...while there are about 6,000 stars over the entire celestial sphere which are visible to the average human, with a cat's sensitivity it could see over 40,000 stars, and an owl should be able to see in excess of 1 million stars.
You can create star charts to show what humans, cats, and owls see. Simply set differing limiting magnitudes:

4.5 for a human in a light-polluted area;
6.5 for a human with a dark sky;
8.3 for a cat with a dark sky, since a cat's eyes are 6 times as sensitive as a human;
11.5 for an owl with a dark sky, since an owl's eyes are 100 times as sensitive as a human.
Update: According to a site on British garden birds,

Birds such as pigeons and waterfowl, whose eyes are side facing, have so little binocular vision that rely on apparent motion between close and distant objects to judge distance.
(This site also has diagrams of the ranges of human, owl, and pigeon monocular and binocular vision.)
As for why color vision developed in the first place, Mickey Rowe writes,

The advantage [of color vision] ... comes in the form of visual contrast. The lowest level of visual information processing is the recognition that something is different about a given region of space--i.e. that there is food or a predator "over there". To perform this function ... it's best to have at least two pigments, one matched to the dominant wavelengths and one offset from those wavelengths. With the matched pigment, non-reflective objects have high contrast as dark areas on a bright background. With the offset pigment, reflective objects will apear bright against a darker background. ... it's easy to imagine that if an animal has more photoreceptor classes it has a greater chance ....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________
Happy Fall Y'all! 🎃

Last edited by Shelby&Seymour; 03-02-2008 at 09:30 AM.
Shelby&Seymour is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 10:52 AM   #12
YT 3000 Club Member
 
romeos mommy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Pennsauken , NJ
Posts: 4,068
Omg

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mizzrosa View Post
thats just nuts thank god we dont have hawks here


don't get too comfy...i read about a hawk swooping and taking a dog on a leash in new york city.
__________________
Bernadette & Romeo
romeos mommy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 10:54 AM   #13
YT 3000 Club Member
 
romeos mommy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Pennsauken , NJ
Posts: 4,068
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Shelby&Seymour View Post
This says that they DO see color.. ... now to determine if clothing would ward off or attract is the next question..... I would think that because it isn't "natural" for prey to be in clothing.... a hawk would shy away from it..... but .....
According to this.... the bright contrast helps a bird find the prey cause it "stands out".from its surroundings.. ???????? I will keep researching............




Birds' and Bees' Color Vision
[Updated]
A table listing the wavelengths and frequencies
for the peak sensitivities of
• human's three types of cone,
• cat's three types of cone,
• dog's two types of cone,
and peak solar output.

Color Wavelength Frequency
infrared longer than 700 nm,
(invisible to humans; may be felt as heat) fewer than 430 THz
deep red: 700 nanometers,
(longest visible wavelength for humans) 430 terahertz
red (human peak): 575 nm 520 terahertz
dog peak in yellow-green: 555 nm 540 terahertz
cat peak in yellow-green: 550 nm 540 terahertz
green (human peak): 535 nm 560 terahertz
cat peak in the light-blue-green: 500 nm 600 terahertz
solar peak: 480 – 520 nm,
(in the light blue to green range, depending on the temperature used to represent the surface of the sun, which is not clearly defined) 620 – 580 THz
cat peak in blue: 450 nm 666 terahertz
human peak in blue: 445 nm 674 terahertz
dog peak in blue-violet 429 nanometers,
700 terahertz
violet 400 nm,
(shortest visible wavelength for humans, except for a few) 750 terahertz
ultraviolet less than 400 nm,
(invisible to humans, although I read that in World War II the US Navy found that a few sailors could see further into the ultraviolet than most) more than 750 THz

Sources:
http://www.photo.net/photo/edscott/vis00010.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu...on/colcon.html
Birds can see ultraviolet and have at least four types of color sensitive cone cells. Humans have only three types of cone. (`Rods' are for dimmer, grey, night vision.)

On the other hand, bees are like humans in that they have only three receptor types. But in contrast to humans, bees are sensitive to ultraviolet but not to red.

Ronn Blankenship, who started me on this, said that dogs have two types of color sensitive cones, not three like humans. They see like certain kinds of color blind humans. Blankenship added that to help humans with red-green color blindness, the lights in traffic signals are red-orange and blue-green. This way the lights do not look exactly the same.

Update: A site for veterinarians says that


Dogs have cones that are receptive at 429 and 555 nm and are dichromats. All evidence suggests that the dog is dichromat with vision similar to a human who is red-green color blind.
Blankenship went on to say that cats have at least two types of cone, and possibly three, but that

... the number of cones per unit area of the [cat] retina is significantly less than in the human retina, so cats probably see colors as rather pale and washed out.
Update: The veterinarians' site says that cats are weak trichromats. Feline cones peak at 450, 500 and 555 nm. They live in a world of fuzzy pastels.

He added that `some types of birds have five types of cone'. I find it impossible to imagine such a bird's color vision. They see many more shades than we.

Blankenship provides more detail:

A bird's retina actually has three types of photoreceptors that `translate' light into nervous impulses:
rods — black & white vision in dim light
cones — color vision in bright light
double cones — color vision
Moreover, according to Blankenship's link,

... bird retinas, in contrast to human retinas, contain no blood vessels. This prevents shadows and light scattering, which cut down on human vision.
Update: The veterinarians' site says that acuity is 30 cycles per degree (cpd) for humans, 18 cpd for horses, 12 cpd for dogs and 6 cpd for cats , which means a resolution of

1 arc-minute for humans
1.67 arc-minutes for horses
5 arc-minutes for cats
2.5 arc-minutes for dogs
Many birds see more acutely than humans,

The denser that cone cells are, the sharper is the perceived image. The human eye has at most 200,000 cones per square millimeter, while House Sparrows have approximately twice that number. Hawks, who must spot small prey from the sky, possess about five times as many as humans! Songbirds and predators such as hawks are believed to have the sharpest vision among birds. They can see details at distances two to three times farther away than humans.
If I understand this right, hawks' resolution is 12 arc-seconds!

The veterinarians' site also says

Dogs and cats appear to respond to the blue and yellow short-wave length colors the best, but appear to have trouble with green and red. Both are also rod-dominant animals. As rods do not function in daylight these animals are dependent on their few cones for spatial and temporal visual resolution, which probably means that their blue and yellow visual world is a fuzzy blue and yellow world. What appears red to us is simply dark to the dog and cat, and a part of the green spectrum is indistinguishable from white. Colors that would appear very rich to us are more pastel-like to the cat. The cat sees a green, grassy lawn as a whitish lawn, and a green rose-bush as a whitish bush with dark flowers.
Blankenship goes on to say

I have read that an owl's eyes are around 100 times as sensitive to light as the average human's (a cat's are 6 times as sensitive).... ...while there are about 6,000 stars over the entire celestial sphere which are visible to the average human, with a cat's sensitivity it could see over 40,000 stars, and an owl should be able to see in excess of 1 million stars.
You can create star charts to show what humans, cats, and owls see. Simply set differing limiting magnitudes:

4.5 for a human in a light-polluted area;
6.5 for a human with a dark sky;
8.3 for a cat with a dark sky, since a cat's eyes are 6 times as sensitive as a human;
11.5 for an owl with a dark sky, since an owl's eyes are 100 times as sensitive as a human.
Update: According to a site on British garden birds,

Birds such as pigeons and waterfowl, whose eyes are side facing, have so little binocular vision that rely on apparent motion between close and distant objects to judge distance.
(This site also has diagrams of the ranges of human, owl, and pigeon monocular and binocular vision.)
As for why color vision developed in the first place, Mickey Rowe writes,

The advantage [of color vision] ... comes in the form of visual contrast. The lowest level of visual information processing is the recognition that something is different about a given region of space--i.e. that there is food or a predator "over there". To perform this function ... it's best to have at least two pigments, one matched to the dominant wavelengths and one offset from those wavelengths. With the matched pigment, non-reflective objects have high contrast as dark areas on a bright background. With the offset pigment, reflective objects will apear bright against a darker background. ... it's easy to imagine that if an animal has more photoreceptor classes it has a greater chance ....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
great info. thanks.
__________________
Bernadette & Romeo
romeos mommy is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 11:00 AM   #14
hha
No Longer a Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Seneca, SC
Posts: 2,837
Default

There are hawks in every state...We have even had a few eagles around here
hha is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 03-02-2008, 11:22 AM   #15
YT 500 Club Member
 
MaxwellHouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: Earlysville
Posts: 976
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by romeos mommy View Post
don't get too comfy...i read about a hawk swooping and taking a dog on a leash in new york city.
That REALLY freaks me out.
We have plenty in Virginia, but it never even occurred to me it could happen on leash in the city. eeeewww
MaxwellHouse is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks



Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off




Google
 

SHOP NOW: Amazon :: eBay :: Buy.com :: Newegg :: PetStore :: Petco :: PetSmart


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 07:15 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.9
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Copyright ©2003 - 2018 YorkieTalk.com
Privacy Policy - Terms of Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167